Effects of X2-class solar flare events on ionospheric GPS-TEC and radio waves over Brazilian sector

Abreu, A. J. de; Roberto, Marisa; Alves, Mara Lisa; Abalde, J. R.; Nogueira, P. A. B.; Venkatesh, K.; Fagundes, P. R.; Jesús, R. de; Gende, Mauricio; Martin, I. M.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.02.020

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On 11 March 2015, an X2.1‐class solar flare was observed between 16:11 UT and 16:29 UT. Even so that the X‐class flares are expected to increase ionization in the ionospheric D, E, and F regions, this particular flare being of short durations (few minutes) did not have significant effect on TEC values (see de Abreu et al, 2019, for the Brazilian sector).…”

Section: Tec Variations In 2015mentioning

confidence: 97%

Variations of TEC Over Iberian Peninsula in 2015 Due to Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Flares

2020

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The total electron content (TEC) over the Iberian Peninsula was studied using data from two locations obtained both by Global Navigation Satellite System receivers and an ionosonde. The principal component analysis applied to the TEC data allowed us to extract two main modes. Each mode is characterized by a daily TEC variation of a certain type (principal component [PC]) and its amplitude for each of the studied days (given by the empirical orthogonal functions [EOFs]). The variations of these modes as well as the original TEC data were studied in relation to four strongest geomagnetic storms of 2015 and three geomagnetic disturbances of lower amplitude observed during the same months. EOFs were found to correlate well with space weather parameters characterizing solar UV and XR fluxes, number of the solar flares, parameters of the solar wind, and geomagnetic indices. Multiple regression models were constructed to fit EOFs using combinations of the space weather parameters with a lag from 0 to 2 days. Combining the regression models of EOFs with the corresponding PCs, we reconstructed TEC variations as a function of space weather parameters observed in previous days. The possibility to use such reconstructions for the TEC forecasting was also studied. The results of the data analysis can be used to develop regional empirical models allowing prediction of ionospheric response to different forcings, for example, geomagnetic storms. In particular, the method called

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Section: Tec Variations In 2015mentioning

confidence: 97%

Variations of TEC Over Iberian Peninsula in 2015 Due to Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Flares

2020

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“…An increase in the intensity of X‐ray and ultraviolet (UV) radiation observed during solar flares causes an immediate increase in the electron concentration in the illuminated part of the ionosphere (de Abreu et al., 2019; Mitra, 1974), and, as a result, changes the TEC value (Curto et al., 2019; Monte‐Moreno & Hernández‐Pajares, 2014; Zhang et al., 2011). Numerous papers have shown the possibility of using data from a GNSS receiver network as an indicator of solar flares (Curto et al., 2019, 2020; Monte‐Moreno & Hernández‐Pajares, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Contribution of the Ionospheric D Region to the TEC Value During a Series of Solar Flares in September 2017

Bekker,

Ryakhovsky

2024

JGR Space Physics

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The paper presents the results of a numerical assessment of the contribution of the ionospheric D region to the total electron content during six powerful X‐ray flares that occurred in September 2017. The calculation of the electron concentration in the lower ionosphere was carried out using a plasma‐chemical model of the ionospheric D region. This model was verified using the data of ground‐based radiophysical measurements in the VLF (very low frequency) range and data of the incoherent scattering radar. To calculate the ionization rate at the D region heights, we used real data on the radiation flux measured by the GOES and SDO satellites during the considered flares. The total electron content was estimated using GNSS data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the contribution of the lower ionosphere to the TEC change varied from 7% to 23% for flares with different spectra. A functional dependency has been obtained that can be used to estimate the contribution of the D region to the TEC increment depending on the spectrum of the flare.

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“…According to de Abreu et al (2019), Barta et al (2019), and Fagundes et al, 2020, an SF releases a sudden large amount of electromagnetic energy in the form of radiation throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. The X-rays and EUV are the most effective radiations in the ionization process and they cause extra ionization in the Earth's sunlight region, called sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there is an enhancement of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and an intensification of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) (Fagundes et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2004Liu et al, , 2006, due to an increase of the plasma density in the E and F regions, respectively. The ionosphere disturbances due to SF, geomagnetic storms, and EIA changes have been studied by many researchers and their investigations show the importance of ionospheric electrodynamics under different solar activity (Abdu et al, 2017;Barta et al, 2019;Berdermann et al, 2018;Berngardt et al, 2019;Curto, 2020;Curto et al, 2018;Das et al, 2010;de Abreu et al, 2019;Fagundes et al, 2020;Hayes et al, 2017;Le et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2004Liu et al, , 2006Luo et al, 2023;Manju et al, 2009;Mao et al, 2017;Meza et al, 2009;Nogueira et al, 2015;Oljira, 2023;Qian et al, 2011;Raulin et al, 2010;Sahai et al, 2007Sahai et al, , 2009Sripathi et al, 2013;Tsurutani et al, 2005Tsurutani et al, , 2009Xiong et al, 2011Xiong et al, , 2014Zhang & Xiao, 2005;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhu & Ridley, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pole‐To‐Pole Ionospheric Disturbances Due To Solar Flares, During Low Solar Activity

Fagundes,

Pillat,

Tardelli

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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There are growing concerns about the effect of solar flares on the ionosphere, mainly due to possible deterioration or damage to our communication and navigation satellite systems. On 3 July 2021, and 28 October 2021, there were solar flares (SFs) classified as X1.59 and X1.0, respectively. These two SFs were the only ones of X‐class that occurred during the last low solar activity (LSA:2018–2021). Data from magnetometers and Global Positioning System (GPS)—Total Electron Content (TEC) are used to investigate the spatial‐temporal electrodynamics of the ionosphere from pole‐to‐pole in the American sector. Employing ∆H and vertical TEC, along with the ROT (rate of change of VTEC) parameter. Rapidly ∆H disturbances closely follow the X‐ray variation and the ∆H valleys and peaks are well‐synchronized during the SFs, indicating that they are linked. Major disturbances in the ∆H are noticed in the mid‐low‐equatorial latitudes. However, minor disturbances were seen at high latitudes. Also, |ROT| is a good indicator of the electron density changes during the SFs, especially when the X‐ray intensity rises to the peak.

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Effects of X2-class solar flare events on ionospheric GPS-TEC and radio waves over Brazilian sector

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Variations of TEC Over Iberian Peninsula in 2015 Due to Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Flares

Variations of TEC Over Iberian Peninsula in 2015 Due to Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Flares

Estimation of the Contribution of the Ionospheric D Region to the TEC Value During a Series of Solar Flares in September 2017

Pole‐To‐Pole Ionospheric Disturbances Due To Solar Flares, During Low Solar Activity

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