Effects of Xylanase Supplementation and Citric Acid on Performance, Ileal Nutrients Digestibility, and Gene Expression of Intestinal Nutrient Transporters in Broilers Challenged with <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase and citric acid (CA) on growth, digesta pH, ileal populations of Clostridium perfringens and lactic acid bacteria, ileal nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, and mRNA expression of intestinal nutrient transporters in starter broilers challenged with C. perfringens. The experiment was conducted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two levels of CA (0 and 30 g/kg) and 2 levels of xylanase (0 and 200 mg/kg). Each of the four dietary treatments was fed to six replicate pens (15 birds/pen) between 0 and 21 d of age. Dietary CA significantly increased ADFI and ADG; meanwhile, xylanase addition led to a substantial reduction in FCR (P＜0.05). No differences in digesta pH, C. perfringens counts, or quantity of lactic acid bacteria were found between the treatments. Xylanase supplementation increased AME values (P＜0.01) and ileal digestibility of CP (P＜0.05) in challenged birds. The inclusion of CA also increased the AME (P＜0.01), and tended to increased ileal CP digestibility (P＝0.085). Xylanase supplementation increased α-amylase, trypsin, and sucrose activity in the jejunum (P＜0.01). Dietary CA significantly increased (P＜0.01) villi length as well as the villus length to crypt depth ratio in jejunum segments. The jejunal mRNA expression of sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) and H + -dependent peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) were upregulated by xylanase supplementation (P＜0.01). The results suggest that dietary CA can promote growth as well as improve intestinal morphology and AME in birds challenged with necrotic enteritis. This study shows that xylanase supplementation improved FCR and AME in birds independent of C. perfringens infection; it also elevated the apparent ileal digestibility of CP, digestive enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in challenged birds.

Effects of Dietary Xylanase and Arabinofuranosidase Combination on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, Blood Constituents, and Immune Response of Broilers Fed Low-Energy Diets

“…These improvements are confirmed by the previous results of Guo et al, who demonstrated that the addition of Xyl upregulated the expression of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 1 and IGFR genes in broiler chickens [40]. Furthermore, Hosseini et al reported that the inclusion of Xyl improved the expression of GHR and IGFR genes [41]. Moreover, ACC and FAS encode a biotin-dependent enzyme which is involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids via the catalyzation of the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA for malonyl-CoA production [42].…”

Use of Corn Silk Meal in Broiler Diet: Effect on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Immunological Responses, and Growth-Related Gene Expression

“…These results agree with [ 53 ], who showed an upregulated sodium–glucose cotransporter 1 and IGFR genes in broilers fed dietary NSP enzymes. Furthermore, [ 54 ] reported that the inclusion of the NSP enzyme improved the expression of GHR and IGFR genes. In addition, CSM content high polyphenols which have good roles in enhancing the gene expressions related to growth [ 55 ].…”

Exogenous dietary enzyme formulations improve growth performance of broiler chickens fed a low-energy diet targeting the intestinal nutrient transporter genes

“…This was also observed by Guo et al [ 37 ] who reported that the inclusion of xylanase in the broiler chicken diet up-regulated the expression of the jejunal sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 ( SGLT1 ) and PEPT1 genes in broiler chickens. Similarly, xylanase supplementation up-regulated the expression of jejunal SGLT1 and PEPT1 genes [ 38 ].…”