Effects of yeast β-glucans for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rice-derived arabinoxylan fibers are particle size-dependent inducers of trained immunity in a human macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model

“…This trained immunity-related increase in myelopoiesis leads to improved response to secondary challenges and provides protection against infections. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated that oral intake of dietary fibers prevent upper respiratory tract infections and support influenza vaccination efficiency ( Laue et al, 2021 ; Zhong et al, 2021 ). However, administering β-glucan orally to healthy human volunteers for seven days did not lead to detectable serum β-glucan levels and did not have any effect on modulating the innate immune response ( Leentjens et al, 2014 ).…”

Beta-(1,3/1,6)-D-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus in the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infections: An international, multicentre, open-label, prospective study

“…The clinical efficacy and preventive capacity of β-glucans in respiratory tract infections was studied in various age groups and subjects (e.g., children, athletes, healthy adults, chronically ill patients). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the potential role of β-glucans in human respiratory tract infections; however, the analysed studies showed high heterogeneity ( 5 , 14 , 15 ).…”

β-Glucan “Trained Immunity” Immunomodulatory Properties Potentiate Tissue Wound Management and Accelerate Fitness Recover

“…Stimulation of cellular, humoral and trained immunity [11,12,[23][24][25]46] Enhance immune cells for a more efficient inflammatory and antimicrobial response [27] Wound healing; tissue regeneration [27,45,47,48] Adjuvant agents in solid cancers and hematological malignancies; cancer inhibitory stimuli [16,18,20] Modulate the intestinal microbiome [18,31] Alter lipid and glucose metabolism; reduce cholesterol [12][13][14]17] Control of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes; diet regulation [13,14] Reduction of cardiovascular risk and gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome [30,31] Immune-mediated conditions such as allergic rhinitis and respiratory tract infections; reduction in symptomatic days of cold/flu [27][28][29] Attenuation of chronic fatigue and stress [16] General physical health and emotional well-being [11,[30][31][32] https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S381145…”

“…12,13,17 Thus, they have probable therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, diet regulation, reduction of cardiovascular risk, and gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome. 29,30 Due to their immunomodulatory effect, they can act as adjuvant agents in solid cancers and hematological malignancies, in immune-mediated conditions such as allergic rhinitis and respiratory tract infections, and also improve wound healing. 31 At least 13 randomized controlled trials have reported improvement in allergy symptoms, general physical health, and emotional well-being with the use of β-glucans compared with placebo.…”