Effects of Zero-Sum Competition on Children's Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence

Vallerand, Robert J.; Gauvin, Lise; Halliwell, Wayne

doi:10.1080/00224545.1986.9713614

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, it is reported that when individuals lose in competitions, perceptions of competence and intrinsic motivation decrease. 62 The competitive element provided the participants with competence/incompetence information through the social comparison of performance. Due to the leader board nature of the competitions offered on the Fitbit, inevitably, more young people are likely to receive incompetence information because only one person can be top of the leader board.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Motivational Impact of Wearable Healthy Lifestyle Technologies: A Self-determination Perspective on Fitbits With Adolescents

Kerner

Goodyear

2017

American Journal of Health Education

156

128

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Background: Considerable numbers of young people are not meeting physical activity guidelines. Wearable fitness devices can provide opportunities for physical activity promotion. Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore whether wearable healthy lifestyle technologies impacted on adolescents' (13-to 14-year-olds) motivation for physical activity. Methods: The study was a mixed method sequential design. Participants were 84 adolescents (44 girls, 40 boys) from 6 physical education classes. Pupils were issued with a Fitbit to wear for 8 weeks and completed pre-/posttest questionnaires that assessed motivational regulation and psychological need satisfaction. Adolescents also engaged in focus group interviews after wearing the Fitbit for 8 weeks. Quantitative data were analyzed using a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to explore differences between gender and time. Qualitative data analysis was conducted deductively using self-determination theory. Results: The quantitative findings identified significant reductions in need satisfaction and autonomous motivation and significant increases in amotivation after 8 weeks. Qualitative evidence suggested short-term increases in motivation through feelings of competition, guilt, and internal pressure. Discussion: Findings suggest that healthy lifestyle technology may have negative motivational consequences. Translation to Health Education Practice: Certified Health Education Specialists should support young people to personalize health targets in order to critically engage with normalized health targets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Motivational Impact of Wearable Healthy Lifestyle Technologies: A Self-determination Perspective on Fitbits With Adolescents

Kerner

Goodyear

2017

American Journal of Health Education

156

128

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“…Changes in perceived competence affect intrinsic motivation. Vallerand et al (2001) found that winners have a higher perception of competence than losers; and winners show more intrinsic motivation to continue an activity.…”

Section: Cognitive Evaluation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Competitions: How To Maintain Motivation For Losers

Czaja

Cummings

2009

AJBE

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“…Earlier literature suggests negative impacts of competition on learning performance through restricting choices and destroying creativity (Amabile, 1989;Wang & Yang, 2003). Students who think that they do not have a chance to win could be easily vulnerable to lose motivation and give up (Vallerand et al, 1986). Students can also focus on end results rather than the tasks and choose easier tasks with the aim of winning which can result in inferior learning (Ames & Ames, 1984;Lam et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lam et al (2004) find out that in times of competition students tend to choose easier tasks, and this leads to inferior learning. The negative impacts are more on less able students who know that they cannot win the competition (Vallerand, Gauvin, & Halliwell, 1986). Since their attention is focused on the end result rather than on the process of the activity, these students may lose interest in the task more easily (Lam et al, 2004).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning effects of an international group competition project

Akpinar

Campo

Eryarsoy

2014

Innovations in Education and Teaching International

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This study investigates the effects of collaboration and competition on students' learning performance in a course of business statistics. The collaboration involved a simultaneously organised group competition project with analysis of real-life business problems among students. Students from the following schools participated: JAMK University of Applied Sciences in Finland, Universidad Complutense de Madrid in Spain, and Sabanci University in Turkey. The results support earlier literature on positive impacts of group collaboration on learning performance but deny any negative impacts of competition. It is also found out that learning performance may be influenced to a certain degree by cultural differences in perceptions towards collaboration and competition. Overall the international competition and the touch to real-life business problems stimulate students' engagement and result in enhanced learning towards becoming 'intelligent consumers of business statistics'.

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Effects of Zero-Sum Competition on Children's Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

The Motivational Impact of Wearable Healthy Lifestyle Technologies: A Self-determination Perspective on Fitbits With Adolescents

The Motivational Impact of Wearable Healthy Lifestyle Technologies: A Self-determination Perspective on Fitbits With Adolescents

Designing Competitions: How To Maintain Motivation For Losers

Learning effects of an international group competition project

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