Effects of Zinc and Cadmium on Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation in Isolated Bovine Liver Nuclei

Lohmann, R; Beyersmann, Detmar

doi:10.2307/3431799

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…While the literature on specific effects of cadmium on plant cells is not extensive, it has been observed that some auxin-regulated genes are also cadmium inducible (Hagen et al, 1988;Kusaba et al, 1996). Cadmium is thought to exert its toxicity in part by displacing divalent metal ions, such as zinc from essential proteins; Cd 2+ is similar in size to Zn 2+ and is from the same group in the periodic table, yet binds more strongly than Zn 2+ to biological molecules, especially those containing sulfur atom ligands (Lohmann and Beyersmann, 1994). It is therefore intriguing that the maize auxin binding protein 1 interacts with auxin via a zinc atom (Woo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Molecular Function Revisited In Context Of the Superfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Number Regulator1Affects Plant and Organ Size in Maize: Implications for Crop Yield Enhancement and Heterosis

et al. 2010

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Genes involved in cell number regulation may affect plant growth and organ size and, ultimately, crop yield. The tomato (genus Solanum) fruit weight gene fw2.2, for instance, governs a quantitative trait locus that accounts for 30% of fruit size variation, with increased fruit size chiefly due to increased carpel ovary cell number. To expand investigation of how related genes may impact other crop plant or organ sizes, we identified the maize (Zea mays) gene family of putative fw2.2 orthologs, naming them Cell Number Regulator (CNR) genes. This family represents an ancient eukaryotic family of Cys-rich proteins containing the PLAC8 or DUF614 conserved motif. We focused on native expression and transgene analysis of the two maize members closest to Le-fw2.2, namely, CNR1 and CNR2. We show that CNR1 reduced overall plant size when ectopically overexpressed and that plant and organ size increased when its expression was cosuppressed or silenced. Leaf epidermal cell counts showed that the increased or decreased transgenic plant and organ size was due to changes in cell number, not cell size. CNR2 expression was found to be negatively correlated with tissue growth activity and hybrid seedling vigor. The effects of CNR1 on plant size and cell number are reminiscent of heterosis, which also increases plant size primarily through increased cell number. Regardless of whether CNRs and other cell number-influencing genes directly contribute to, or merely mimic, heterosis, they may aid generation of more vigorous and productive crop plants.

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Section: Molecular Function Revisited In Context Of the Superfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Number Regulator1Affects Plant and Organ Size in Maize: Implications for Crop Yield Enhancement and Heterosis

et al. 2010

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“…Cadmium induces apoptosis; whereas zinc prevents it, although both cadmium and zinc are able to inhibit the activity of the endonuclease of isolated nuclei. 29) Secondly, a micromolar concentration of zinc was able to inhibit cadmium-induced apoptosis, whereas a millimolar concentration of zinc was required for the inhibition of purified calcium-dependent endonuclease. 30) These observations suggest the existence of another mechanism for the protective effect of zinc on programmed cell death.…”

Section: The Role Of Zinc In Antiapoptotic Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Cell Fate by Cadmium and Zinc.

Ishido

Kunimoto

2001

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Effects of the heavy metals cadmium and zinc on the regulation of cell destiny are reviewed in light of an apoptogenic metal of cadmium and the antiapoptotic nature of zinc. Exposure of renal cells to cadmium causes apoptotic features, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in earlier stages of cadmium cytotoxicity than the cadmium-induced necrotic phase. The molecular mechanism of cadmium-induced apoptosis is poorly understood. Neither cadmium-metallothionein nor an immediate early gene such as c-myc is involved in the apoptotic pathway. In contrast, zinc can abolish cadmium-induced apoptosis. Although the mechanism underlying zinc inhibition of apoptosis remains uncertain, one possibility is that the ability of zinc to facilitate DNA synthesis might contribute to its protective effect on apoptosis.Key words ---apoptosis, cadmium, zinc *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Regional Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-0053, Japan. Tel.: +81-298-50-2396; Fax: +81-298-50-2571; E-mail: ishidou@nies.go.jp Cadmium is a nephrotoxic metal.1) The proximal tubule of the mammalian kidney is a major target of chronic cadmium-induced toxicity.2) Cadmium chloride induces the synthesis of metallothionein in the liver, which, when released into circulation, is taken up by renal tubule cells.3) In the kidney, cadmium associated with metallothionein is degraded in lysosomal compartments, and the released cadmium in turn stimulates a cascade of toxic effects. 4)The development of cadmium-induced lesions in the kidney is characterized by proteinuria and excessive urinary excretion of other substrates such as enzymes, amino acids, and glucose.

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“…It was found that Cd affected calcium homeostasis by activating or inhibiting several calcium-related enzymes (Beyersmann and Hechtenberg, 1997). It can participate in many calcium-dependent processes (by competition or replacement of calcium ions) (Viarengo, 1985;Lohmann and Beyersmann, 1994). Thus Cd could intensify the action of calcium ions in conditions of our experiment and it could stimulate the spontaneous migration of germinal vesicle in this way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The influence of cadmium on Prussian carp oocyte maturation, development of eggs and hatching

Szczerbik¹,

Mikołajczyk²,

Sokolowska-Mikolajczyk³

et al. 2008

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The influence of cadmium (Cd) on the last stage of Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio B.) oocyte maturation and embryonic development was investigated. The (postvitellogenic) oocytes were incubated with carp pituitary homogenate (Chh), 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20βOH-P) and Cd at the concentrations of 20, 100 and 200μM. Cd was found to stimulate spontaneous oocyte maturation, however it inhibited Chh-stimulated maturation. Cd had no influence on the effects of 17α,20βOH-P (MIS -maturation inducing steroid). It seems that the action of Cd on the last stage of oocyte maturation takes place before the MIS production. In an in vivo study Prussian carp eggs were incubated in the water containing Cd at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/l. There were no differences between the final numbers of hatched larvae in the respective groups, however Cd at the highest concentration accelerated hatching and increased the number of deformed larvae. These results suggest that Prussian carp eggs are very resistant to waterborne Cd.

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Effects of Zinc and Cadmium on Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation in Isolated Bovine Liver Nuclei

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Cell Number Regulator1Affects Plant and Organ Size in Maize: Implications for Crop Yield Enhancement and Heterosis

Cell Number Regulator1Affects Plant and Organ Size in Maize: Implications for Crop Yield Enhancement and Heterosis

Regulation of Cell Fate by Cadmium and Zinc.

The influence of cadmium on Prussian carp oocyte maturation, development of eggs and hatching

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