Effects of Zinc Oxide and Arginine on the Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Status of Weaned Pigs Subjected to High Ambient Temperature

Yoon, Se Young; Jin, Soo; Cho, Eun Seok; Ko, Han Seo; Choi, Jung‐Woo

doi:10.3390/ani10091537

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many studies have reported changes in intestinal bacteria of pigs caused by ZnO [ 29 , 30 ]. The mechanisms by which ZnO improves growth performance are not completely understood, but it might increase the intestinal absorpiteve capacity by increasing the villus height [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets

Silva

Bentin

Dias³

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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Background Intestinal health remains a key factor in animal production because it is essential for digestion, absorption and bacterial fermentation. Feed additives have been used to attenuate the weaning stress such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and benzoic acid (C7H6O2). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of of benzoic acid and probiotics (BA + P) on performance, diarrhea and cecal microbiota of piglets in the nursery phase (23 to 65 days). Results One hundred and sixty weaned piglets with an initial weight of 6.335 ± 0.698 kg and 23 days of age were submitted to four treatments: supplementation with 2500 ppm of Zinc oxide (ZnO), supplementation with a commercial blend of benzoic acid and probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415; Vevogut P®) (BA + P), supplementation with Zinc oxide plus benzoic acid and probiotics (ZnO + BA + P), and controls receiving only the basal diet without any supplementation. At 65 days of age, 32 piglets (n = 8 per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of the cecal microbiota. Supplementation with ZnO and BA + P were associated with better feed conversion (P < 0.05) in the early stage (23 to 49 days) and with an improvement in all performance parameters over the entire experimental period. The occurrence of diarrhea was lower (P < 0.05) in the BA + P group. The 4 most abundant phyla along with unclassified bacteria represented 93% of all sequences. Firmicutes dominated the cecal microbiota of all groups, followed by Bacteroidetes. Richness represented by the observed number of genera and by the Chao index were statistically lower in ZnO and ZnO + BA + P supplemented animals compared to controls. The beta diversity analysis that compares similarities between bacterial communities demonstrated formation of two distinct clusters containing samples with and without supplementation with ZnO, confirming a strong influence of ZnO on the intestinal microbiota. Conclusion The use of Benzoic acid with probiotics yields similar performance results with lower impact on the gut microbiota compared to ZnO, and it should be considered as a potential alternative in swine production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets

Silva

Bentin

Dias³

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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“…Another possibility is the HS-induced hepatic cellular apoptosis, which can affect the regulation of blood Cl − by the liver [53]. Supplementation of dietary antioxidants (vitamins and micro-minerals) has shown significant improvement on some of the blood biochemical parameters of pigs under various stressors [15,29,38,54]. In our study, the concentration of Cl − was significantly improved (p < 0.01) in HT2 pigs after 7 days of exposure, and slight improvements were also observed after 21 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Stress and Vitamin and Micro-Mineral Supplementation on Some Mineral Digestibility and Electrolyte Balance of Pigs

Ortega

Babinszky

Ozsváth

et al. 2022

Animals

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Heat stress (HS) can have detrimental effects on intestinal integrity and can jeopardize the digestibility performance in pigs. With prolonged exposure to heat, some thermoregulatory processes in pigs are potential causes for electrolyte imbalance. The adverse effects of HS on mineral digestibility and electrolyte balance are not widely studied and information on its abatement through vitamin and micro-mineral supplementation in combinations above the recommended level in pigs is limited. The aim of this study is to research this area. Thirty-six Danbred hybrid barrows (65.1 ± 2.81kg) were distributed among the four treatments (n = 9 per treatment): (1) thermo-neutral (19.5 ± 0.9 °C, RH- 85.9 ± 7.3%)+ control diet (TC) (NRC, 2012), (2) HS (28.9 ± 0.9 °C, RH- 60.4 ± 4.3%) + control diet (HC), (3) HS +diet with elevated levels of vitamins (vitamin E and C) and micro-minerals (Zn and Se) (HT1), and (4) HS + diet with further elevation of vitamins and micro-minerals (HT2). Plasma samples were collected on days 7 and 21 of the experiment to investigate electrolyte concentration. During the experimental period, feces samples were collected from pigs placed in digestibility cages (six pigs from each treatment) to investigate the digestibility of Ca, P, Na, Se, and Zn. HS did not decrease the digestibility of minerals, but elevated supplementation of the selected vitamins and trace minerals improved it significantly. HS caused a significant decrease of Cl− (p < 0.01) in plasma, indicating an imbalance. In conclusion, pigs can have some resilience against heat stress in terms of mineral digestibility. Proper vitamin and trace mineral supplementation are key factors in the ability of pigs to overcome the negative effects of HS.

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“…Hydrolyzed yeast is an end-product of yeast extraction through hydrolysis, and it typically contains both yeast extract and yeast cell walls [7]. Feeding pigs a diet supplemented with hydrolysed yeast has been reported to improve growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant status, as well as ameliorate intestinal disorder and in ammation response during diarrhea condition [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic, paraprobiotic, and hydrolyzed yeast mixture supplementation has comparable effects to zinc oxide in improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

Dang

Choi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A total of 150 21-day-old weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on average initial body weight (6.96 ± 0.21 kg) to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic, paraprobiotic, and hydrolyzed yeast mixture (PPY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal bacteria counts, fecal calprotectin contents, and diarrhea rate in a 42-day experiment (phase 1: days 1-14; phase 2: days 15-42). There were 10 replicate pens per treatment with 5 pigs per pen (three gilts and two barrows). The experimental diets were a basal diet, without additive (CON), a basal diet supplemented with pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO; TRT1), and an experimental treatment including PPY (TRT2). Pigs in TRT1 were provided with a basal diet + 3000 mg/kg (as fed) ZnO during phase 1, and a basal diet during phase 2. Pigs in TRT2 were provided with a basal diet + 200 mg/kg (as fed) probiotic for a final concentration of 2 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/kg diet + 800 mg/kg (as fed) paraprobiotic + 10 g/kg (as fed) hydrolyzed yeast mixture during phase 1, and a basal diet +100 mg/kg (as fed) probiotic + 400 mg/kg (as fed) paraprobiotic mixture during phase 2. Pigs in TRT1 and TRT2 tended to be heavier at day 14 and were significantly heavier at day 42 than CON pigs. Growth rate during days 1-14, 15-42, and 1-42 was similarly affected by treatment while feed efficiency was unaffected by treatment in the first 14 days but was significantly higher for TRT 1 pigs between 15-42 and 1-42 days with TRT2 being intermediate. Apparent nitrogen and energy digestibility were both significantly higher for pigs on TRT1 and TRT2 compared with the CON. There were no significant differences in any parameters measured between TRT1 and TRT2. Therefore, we demonstrated that PPY supplementation had comparable effects as ZnO on nutrient digestibility and the performance of weaned piglets.

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Effects of Zinc Oxide and Arginine on the Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Status of Weaned Pigs Subjected to High Ambient Temperature

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets

Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets

The Effect of Heat Stress and Vitamin and Micro-Mineral Supplementation on Some Mineral Digestibility and Electrolyte Balance of Pigs

Probiotic, paraprobiotic, and hydrolyzed yeast mixture supplementation has comparable effects to zinc oxide in improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

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