Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Abstract

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were studied on lentil plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Meloidogyne incognita. Plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nodulation of lentil both in the presence and absence of Rhizobium sp. were examined in a pot test. Inoculation of plants with A. alternata / F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis / X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli / P. syringae pv. syringae or M. incognita caused a significant reduction in plant growth, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoids and NR activity over uninoculated control. Inoculation of plants with Rhizobium sp. with or without pathogen increased plant growth and number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoids and NR activity. When plants were grown without Rhizobium, a foliar spray of plants with 10 ml solution of 0.1 mg ml-1 of ZnO NPs per plant caused a significant increase in plant growth and number of pods, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and NR activity in both inoculated and uninoculated plants. Spray of ZnO NPs to plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. caused non significant increase in plant growth, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and NR activity when plants were either uninoculated or inoculated with pathogens. Numbers of nodules per root system were high in plants treated with Rhizobium sp. but foliar spray of ZnO NPs had adverse effect on nodulation. Inoculation of plants with test pathogens also reduced nodulation. Spray of ZnO NPs to plants reduced galling, nematode multiplication, wilt, blight and leaf spot disease severity indices.

Effects of Foliar Application of ZnO Nanoparticles on Lentil Production, Stress Level and Nutritional Seed Quality under Field Conditions

“…Several studies have evaluated NP effects on lentil production. These include biosynthesized Au-NPs [ 57 ], SiO 2 -NPs [ 58 ], TiO 2 -NPs [ 59 ], ZnO-NPs [ 60 ] and Ag-NPs [ 61 ]. The studies, however, do not consider the changes in content of nutrients such as minerals which affect final lentil seed quality.…”

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Plant Growth and Development: A Review

“…Taheri et al (2015) found that all the three helps in improving shoot dry matter and leaf area index while the best result given by ZnO nanoparticle treatment so they concluded that zinc nanoparticles can improve corn growth and yield in mineral-depleted soils. Siddiqui et al (2018) reported that a foliar spray of ZnO NPs to plants lacking Rhizobium resulted in significant improvements in lentil growth, pod number, chlorophyll, carotenoid content, and NR activity in both inoculated and uninoculated plants. Thunugunta et al (2018) observed positive impact of ZnO nanoparticles to the seedling growth of eggplant under greenhouse conditions while negative impact has been seen under tissue condition.…”

Zinc-Based Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases: Ecological Safety and Future Prospects

“…oryzae ) [ 81 ], tomato bacterial spot pathogen (copper-tolerant strains of Xanthomonas perforans ) [ 117 ], the causative agent of lentil bacterial leaf spot ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli ) [ 118 ], the causative agent of bacterial blight of lentil ( Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ) [ 118 ], and eggplant bacterial wilt pathogen ( Ralstonia solanacearum ) [ 119 ].…”

“…phaseoli ) [ 118 ], the causative agent of bacterial blight of lentil ( Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ) [ 118 ], and eggplant bacterial wilt pathogen ( Ralstonia solanacearum ) [ 119 ].…”