Effects of zinc propionate supplementation on growth performance, skeletal muscle fiber, and receptor characteristics in beef steers

Wellmann, Kimberly B; Baggerman, J. O.; Burson, William; Smith, Zachary K; Kim, Jongkyoo; Hergenreder, Jerilyn; Rounds, Whitney; Bernhard, B. C.; Johnson, B. J.

doi:10.1093/jas/skaa210

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Hot carcass weight tended to be greater in Zn supplemented steers, corresponding to an 8 and 6 kg advantage in final BW for Zn100 and Zn180, respectively, over Zn0 and Zn150 steers. Zinc impacts on carcass accretion appear to be subtle but relatively consistent across published works in modern cattle utilizing growth promoting technologies ( Genther-Schroeder et al, 2016a , 2016b ; Wellmann et al, 2020 ; Messersmith et al, 2021b ; Messersmith and Hansen, 2021 ). Although 12th rib fat was not statistically affected by Zn supplementation, numerically 12th rib fat linearly increased with increasing Zn supplementation in agreement with Zn effects observed by Spears and Kegley (2002) and Greene et al (1988) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“… Genther-Schroeder et al (2016a , 2016b ) found a linear increase in final BW, ADG, and G:F in beta agonist-fed steers when Zn was supplemented up to 150 mg Zn/kg DM total. Likewise, supplementation of 120 or 160 mg Zn/kg DM improved the performance of steers receiving a beta agonist only ( Genther-Schroeder et al, 2016b ; Wellmann et al, 2020 ). However, these studies used blended organic and inorganic Zn sources ( Genther-Schroeder et al, 2016a , 2016b ; Wellmann et al, 2020 ) compared to only ZnSO 4 used in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, supplementation of 120 or 160 mg Zn/kg DM improved the performance of steers receiving a beta agonist only ( Genther-Schroeder et al, 2016b ; Wellmann et al, 2020 ). However, these studies used blended organic and inorganic Zn sources ( Genther-Schroeder et al, 2016a , 2016b ; Wellmann et al, 2020 ) compared to only ZnSO 4 used in the current study. It is unclear why Zn source may affect performance response during the beta agonist feeding period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of increasing supplemental zinc in beef feedlot steers administered a steroidal implant and beta agonist

Messersmith

Smerchek

Hansen

2022

Translational Animal Science

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Ninety-two Angus-crossbred steers (424 ± 28.3 kg initial body weight) were used in a 98-d study to assess the effects of increasing Zn supplementation on cattle performance, liver and plasma trace mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics. All steers were implanted with a Component TE-200 (200 mg trenbolone acetate + 20 mg estradiol; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) on d 0 and fed 300 mg‧steer -1‧d -1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) from d 70 to 98. Cattle were fed via GrowSafe bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada), and steer served as the experimental unit (n = 22 or 23 steers/treatment). Supplemental Zn was administered through the diet at 0, 100, 150, or 180 mg Zn/kg on a dry matter basis from ZnSO4 (Zn0, Zn100, Zn150, or Zn180, respectively). Cattle were weighed on d -1, 0, 9/10, 20, 41, 59, 69, 70, 78/79, 97, and 98. Blood was collected on d 0, 9/10, 69, 78/79, and 97, and liver biopsies on d 9/10 and 78/79 (n = 12 steers/treatment). Data were analyzed as a complete randomized design. Contrast statements were formed to test the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of Zn supplementation and test Zn0 vs. Zn supplementation. Day 10 and 70 body weight (BW) and d 0 to 10 and 0 to 70 average daily gain were linearly increased with Zn supplementation (P ≤ 0.05), and greater for Zn supplemented steers (P ≤ 0.03). No effects of Zn supplementation were observed on final BW, dressing percentage, ribeye area, 12 th rib fat, or marbling (P ≥ 0.11). Hot carcass weight tended to be 7 kg greater for Zn supplemented steers than Zn0 (P = 0.07), and yield grade linearly increased with increasing Zn supplementation (P = 0.02). Day 10 liver Mn concentrations tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.08) with increasing Zn supplementation, though d 79 liver Mn concentrations and arginase activity were not influenced by Zn (P ≥ 0.28). Day 10 liver arginase activity tended to be (r = 0.27; P = 0.07) and d 10 serum urea nitrogen was correlated with d 10 liver Mn (r = 0.55; P < 0.0001). Zinc supplementation linearly increased d 10 liver Zn and d 10, 69, 79, and 97 plasma Zn concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). A cubic effect of Zn was observed on d 79 liver Zn (P = 0.01) with lesser liver Zn in Zn0 and Zn150 steers. These data suggest increasing dietary Zn improves growth directly following the administration of a steroidal implant and that steroidal implants and beta agonists differ in their effects on protein metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of increasing supplemental zinc in beef feedlot steers administered a steroidal implant and beta agonist

Messersmith

Smerchek

Hansen

2022

Translational Animal Science

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“…Clinical and scientific evidence supports TM supplementation in beef cattle herds and growing steers. Numerous studies have shown the effects of TM on the cattle immune response as well as their health and performance [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, many of those studies differ substantially in their experimental designs, protocols, TM formulations, baseline diets, and outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Minerals Supplementation with Great Impact on Beef Cattle Immunity and Health

Palomares

2022

Animals

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Trace minerals (TM) play an important role in cattle immunity, health and performance. Although TM are needed in small quantities, they are fundamental for enzymes involved in antioxidant protection against cellular damage and several pathways of the immune response. Cattle TM status results from the balance between TM dietary intake and their requirements. Free-choice oral TM supplementation is a common practice in beef cattle production systems. However, there is a high variation in TM intake and thus TM status and bioavailability in animals receiving free-choice oral TM supplements. Strategic pulse-dose supplementation during critical points of beef cattle management provides a controlled amount of TM intended to remove such a variation. Adequate TM supplementation should not only satisfy the basal requirements but also provide a source of TM when there is a higher demand of the antioxidant systems or during the development of the immune response. This paper reviews the research-based evidence of the effects of TM supplementation on immunity and its impact on beef cattle health. This review highlights the benefits of a novel approach of strategic administration of injectable trace minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) during critical episodes of cattle management (e.g., around weaning or at vaccination) in combination with free-choice oral supplementation to maintain adequate TM and oxidative status, enhanced immunity and overall cattle health. This strategy has proven to decrease morbidity, which would positively impact the productivity of the beef cattle systems.

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“…Muscle biopsy procedures have been described previously [10,11]. Animals were secured in a hydraulic squeeze chute where the site of incision (11th to 13th rib) was prepared by removing all hair and debris from the hide using electric clippers and disposable razors.…”

Section: Live Muscle Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Encapsulated Methionine on Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development and Subsequent Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Beef Steers

Baggerman

Thompson

Jennings

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

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Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of encapsulated methionine on live performance, carcass characteristics, and skeletal muscle development in feedlot steers. In Experiment 1, 128 crossbred steers (body weight [BW] = 341 ± 36.7 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and supplemented with 0, 4, 8, or 12 g/(head day [d]) of ruminally protected methionine (0MET, 4MET, 8MET, and 12MET, respectively) for 111 d or 139 d. In Exp. 2, 20 steers (BW = 457 ± 58 kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to either the 0MET or 8MET treatment; longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies were collected on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56, and analyzed for mRNA and protein expression. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to measure fiber type area and distribution as well as the density of muscle nuclei and satellite cells (Myf5, Pax7, and Myf5/Pax7). In Experiment 1, no significant differences were observed for live performance (p ≥ 0.09). There was, however, a linear relationship between LM area and methionine supplementation (p = 0.04), with a 9% increase in the area when steers were supplemented with 12MET compared to 0MET. In Exp. 2, There were no treatment × day interactions (p ≥ 0.10) for expression of mRNA or protein abundance. Although mRNA expression and protein abundance of all genes were influenced by day (p ≤ 0.04), methionine supplementation did not have a significant effect (p ≥ 0.08). There was a significant treatment × day interaction for distribution of MHC-I fibers (p = 0.03), where 8MET supplemented cattle had a greater proportion of MHC-I fibers after 56 d of supplementation than did 0MET steers. Cross-sectional area was increased over time regardless of fiber type (p < 0.01) but was unaffected by treatment (p ≥ 0.36). While nuclei density was not impacted by treatment (p = 0.55), the density of myonuclei increased nearly 55% in 8MET supplemented cattle (p = 0.05). The density of Myf5 positive satellite cells tended to decrease with methionine supplementation (p = 0.10), while the density of Pax7 expressing cells tended to increase (p = 0.09). These results indicate that encapsulated methionine supplementation may influence markers of skeletal muscle growth, and potential improvements in the LM area may exist.

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Effects of zinc propionate supplementation on growth performance, skeletal muscle fiber, and receptor characteristics in beef steers

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of increasing supplemental zinc in beef feedlot steers administered a steroidal implant and beta agonist

Effects of increasing supplemental zinc in beef feedlot steers administered a steroidal implant and beta agonist

Trace Minerals Supplementation with Great Impact on Beef Cattle Immunity and Health

Effects of Encapsulated Methionine on Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development and Subsequent Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Beef Steers

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