Effects of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on germination, biochemical and morphoanatomical attributes of Cicer arietinum L

Abstract

With the development of nanotechnology, metal oxide nanoparticles have been applied in many industries, increasing their potential exposure level in the environment, yet their environmental safety remains poorly evaluated. Present work demonstrated the effects of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles on the germination, morphoanatomical attributes and biochemistry of Cicer arietinum. The nanoparticles are used in three doses, i.e., 100, 500 and 1000 ppm along with control and each dose has three replicates. Results demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles did not aid in the germination of seed, whereas TiO 2 nanoparticles showed positive impact on germination at 48-h observation. But at 72-h observation both the nanoparticle-treated and control seeds showed 100% germination. Morphological parameters revealed that ZnO nanoparticles have drastic negative impact on both root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry biomass. On the other hand, the status of chlorophyll is almost opposite, i.e., ZnO nanoparticle-treated plants showed higher pigment content than TiO 2 nanoparticle-treated plants. From the statistical point of view, it is revealed that ZnO nanoparticle-treated plant showed significantly different results than that of TiO 2 nanoparticle-treated plants in Chl 'a' (p \ 0.001), Chl 'b' (p \ 0.001), total Chl (p \ 0.001) and carotenoid (p \ 0.001) content. Therefore, from these observations it can be concluded that ZnO nanoparticles showed positive effect on plant pigment content.Transverse sections of root clearly revealed the formation of vascular bundle, and parenchyma tissue is hampered in all the ZnO nanoparticle-treated plants. However, wellformed vascular bundles and other tissue systems are clearly visible for TiO 2 nanoparticle-treated roots. This work shows a combination of both positive and negative effects of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles on a dicot plant. Present observation is very much important to understand the morphological, biochemical and anatomical alteration of plant system under the influence of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles. This will help to utilize the nanoparticles in a managed way where nanoparticles with harmful effect on biological systems can be used in such a way to reduce their exposure to environment, and on the other hand, nanoparticles showing positive effect on biological systems may be used as growth enhancers or biofertilizers. Moreover, these results further strengthen our understanding of environmental safety information with respect to metal oxide nanoparticle.

Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Amended Organic Manure on Arachis hypogaea Growth Response and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

“…ZnO stimulated the germination rates at low concentrations with the reverse outcome at higher concentrations compared to the control. Similarly reduced germination rates on the exposure of Cier arietinum L. to 100 and 1000 ppm ZnO nanoparticles have been reported [15]. The ZnO nanoparticles probably generated reactive anions which influenced oxygen and water uptake required for germination [16].…”

A Novel Mechanism Underlying Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-Triggered Tomato Lateral Root Formation: the Involvement of Nitric Oxide

“…Until now, different responses in LR formation, promotion or inhibition, were respectively reported in various plant species when supplemented with nanomaterials, including MWCNTs [40][41][42][43], gold nanoparticles (Au NP, [44]), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP [45,46];), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NP [46];), and graphene oxide (GO [47][48][49];) (Table 1), and no study has yet provided definitive proof of a role of NO in above responses. In this study, the detection of endogenous NO by Greiss reagent method, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses revealed that the NO level was increased in MWCNT-treated tomato seedlings.…”

Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus

“…ZnO-NPs induce LOX activity and membrane or DNA dysfunctions according to small volumes, large surface area, and ROS production 9 . Furthermore, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) has been gradually increased with increasing levels of ZnO-NPs in Cicer arietinum seedlings 10 indicating the accumulation of MDA at high levels of cellular damage that may come out from ROS 11 .…”