Effects of β-Alanine Supplementation and Intramuscular Carnosine Content on Exercise Performance and Health

Varanoske, Alyssa N.; Stout, Jeffrey R.; Hoffman, Jay R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00028-x

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Age also influenced higher liver abundance of beta‐alanine, alanine and 3‐aminoisobutyric acid in 3‐year‐old than 5‐year‐old fish. Beta‐alanine can combine with histidine to form carnosine, an anti‐ageing molecule, oxidative stress suppressor, radical scavenger and protein glycator (Abro et al ., 2014; Hipkiss, 2010; Varanoske et al ., 2019). The lower level of beta‐alanine observed in older fish potentially suggests consumption in carnosine biosynthesis with ageing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and metabolic profiles associated with age and sex in giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) (Gmelin 1789) broodstock

Lulijwa

Venter

Young

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study characterized selected peripheral blood (PB) haematological parameters, liver, serum and muscle metabolic features in 3-and 5-year-old male and female giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) broodstock reared indoor at 16 C. Sex and age did not affect PB total cell count and haematocrit values. Nonetheless, higher erythrocytes in 5-year-old fish, elevated thrombocyte and lymphocyte counts in 3-year-old fish indicate age-specific cellular regulation. Higher thrombocyte counts in female fish suggest sex-specific regulation. At a metabolic level, liver abundance for long chain saturated fatty acids (FAs) was higher in males, whereas females had elevated levels of polyunsaturated FAs. Essential and non-essential amino acids (AAs) in liver and serum were also elevated in females compared to males. These findings suggest differential allocation of FAs and AAs to reflect requirements for gonadal, development and provisioning. Similarly, age significantly resulted in higher liver and serum abundances of some non-essential AAs in 3-year-olds compared to 5-year-old fish, suggesting higher metabolism in younger fish. Overall, results enhance our understanding of sex-and age-based differences in fish haematology, muscle, liver, and serum metabolite profiles in healthy G. argenteus. Future studies should carefully consider potential age-and sex-specific differences in metabolic responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and metabolic profiles associated with age and sex in giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) (Gmelin 1789) broodstock

Lulijwa

Venter

Young

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Among these amino acids, beta-alanine and arginosuccinic acids were found to be higher in milk from sheep fed with pistachio shells than in milk from other groups. Beta-alanine combines with histidine to form a molecule within the cell called carnosine (Varanoske et al, 2019). Carnosine buffers the acidic environment created by intense exercise, allowing for better durability and performance (Shbib et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pistachio, Pomegranate and Olive Byproducts Added to Sheep Rations Change the Biofunctional Properties of Milk through the Milk Amino Acid Profile

Kahraman¹,

Yurtseven²,

Sakar³

et al. 2023

Food Sci Anim Resour

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“…Carnosine, by its hydrogen ion (H + ) buffering capacity, has an important role in the maintenance of intracellular acid–base homeostasis [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], especially in humans [ 17 ]. Thus, by increasing carnosine content in skeletal muscle, β-alanine supplementation enhances intracellular buffering capacity, enabling a greater tolerance or delaying of muscle fatigue during sustained anaerobic activity [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. This appears to be more efficacious during high-intensity activities that span 60–300 s in duration [ 21 , 22 ], in both men and women [ 23 ].…”

Section: Physiological Role Of β-Alaninementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest ergogenic potential for β-alanine supplementation appears to be during high-intensity activity lasting 60–240 s in duration [ 8 ]. Although high-intensity activity lasting less than 60 s has a considerable anaerobic contribution, the highest level of acidosis occurs during high-intensity exercise lasting longer than 60 s [ 19 ].…”

Section: Efficacy Of β-Alanine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of β-Alanine Supplementation on Performance, Cognitive Function and Resiliency in Soldiers

Ostfeld

Hoffman

2023

Nutrients

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β-alanine is a nonessential amino acid that combines with the amino acid histidine to form the intracellular dipeptide carnosine, an important intracellular buffer. Evidence has been well established on the ability of β-alanine supplementation to enhance anaerobic skeletal muscle performance. As a result, β-alanine has become one of the more popular supplements used by competitive athletes. These same benefits have also been reported in soldiers. Evidence accumulated over the last few years has suggested that β-alanine can result in carnosine elevations in the brain, which appears to have broadened the potential effects that β-alanine supplementation may have on soldier performance and health. Evidence suggests that β-alanine supplementation can increase resilience to post-traumatic stress disorder, mild traumatic brain injury and heat stress. The evidence regarding cognitive function is inconclusive but may be more of a function of the stressor that is applied during the assessment period. The potential benefits of β-alanine supplementation on soldier resiliency are interesting but require additional research using a human model. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological role of β-alanine and why this nutrient may enhance soldier performance.

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Effects of β-Alanine Supplementation and Intramuscular Carnosine Content on Exercise Performance and Health

Cited by 8 publications

References 121 publications

Haematological and metabolic profiles associated with age and sex in giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) (Gmelin 1789) broodstock

Haematological and metabolic profiles associated with age and sex in giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) (Gmelin 1789) broodstock

Pistachio, Pomegranate and Olive Byproducts Added to Sheep Rations Change the Biofunctional Properties of Milk through the Milk Amino Acid Profile

The Effect of β-Alanine Supplementation on Performance, Cognitive Function and Resiliency in Soldiers

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