Effects of β‐conglycinin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in juvenile golden crucian carp,Carassius auratus

Abstract

The objective of this study was conducted to research the effects of β‐conglycinin in the diets on the growth performance, immunity function, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of juvenile golden crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Five diets contained respectively (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/kg) β‐conglycinin, and were used to feed juvenile golden crucian carp for 56 days. Final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). Feed efficiency and protein efficiency were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In hepatopancreas, the activities of T‐SOD, ACP, ALT and T‐AOC were significantly suppressed by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The activities of LZM, AKP, CAT and GPx were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). The activities of protease were significantly reduced and the content of MDA was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (60–80 g/kg). In proximal intestines, the activities of protease and CAT were significantly decreased by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In mid and distal intestines, the activities of protease and CAT were significantly inhibited by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). In intestines, T‐AOC and GPx were significantly declined by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). In proximal and mid intestines, the content of MDA were significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In distal intestines, the content of MDA was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The expression of IGF‐I was significantly decreased and the expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The structural integrity of intestinal tissues were damaged by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg), the part of intestinal villus were shed, the part of epithelial cells were separated from lamina propria. Ultimately, these results suggested dietary β‐conglycinin should be <20 g/kg in formula feed of golden crucian carp.

Dietary supplementation with biofloc promotes growth, improves immune and antioxidant status, and upregulates NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecules and stress resistance in Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski

“…The immune index is a reliable parameter to monitor potential effects on the health of fish (Yılmaz & Ergun, 2018). It is commonly believed that lysozyme, C3, C4 and IgM are essential immune factors that can reflect the stress responses of fish to the growth environment (Li, Li, et al., 2019). Complements C3 and C4 are immune macromolecules, and they can not only eliminate viruses directly but also cooperate with immunoglobulins to decompose pathogens (Ekdahl et al., 2019).…”

“…They are not only classical molecular chaperones but also endogenous protective proteins. They can recognize denatured proteins, assist protein repair, stimulate immunity, reduce oxidative damage and play a protective role (Li, Li, et al., 2019; Roberts et al., 2010). Interferon‐γ can effectively block the invasion of pathogens, along with a variety of immune enzymes, to resist virus infection (Yu, Zheng, et al, 2020b).…”

“…Amylase (starch‐iodine colorimetric method, Long et al., 2015), lipase (methyl halogen substrate method, Yu, Wu, et al., 2020) protease (ultraviolet colorimetric method, Anand et al., 2014), and lysozyme activities (turbidimetric method, Chen, Ren, Wang, et al., 2018); complement C3, complement C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels (immune turbidimetry, Li, Liu, et al., 2019; Li, Zhu, et al., 2019); insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) contents (double antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Yu, Zheng, et al., 2020b); total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (hydroxylamine method, Wang et al., 2019); total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (ABTS fast method, Li, Li, et al., 2019); catalase (CAT) activity (visible light method, Panigrahi et al., 2019); glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity (turbidimetric method, Feng et al., 2016); and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (TBA method, Yin et al., 2018) were determined using commercial assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).…”

Influence of differential protein levels of feed on growth, copper‐induced immune response and oxidative stress of Rhynchocypris lagowski in a biofloc‐based system

“…Amylase (AMS) activity (Yu, Li, Zhu, Li, & Wu, 2020), lipase (LPS) activity (Long, Yang, Li, Guan, & Wu, 2015), protease (PRS) activity (Xu et al., 2013), cellulase (CES) activity (Yu, Wu, Zheng, et al, 2020); lysozyme (LZM) activity (Chen, Ren, Li, & Xia, 2018), complement C3, C4 (Li, Zhu, Tian, Liu, & Wang, 2019) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity (Li, Li, et al, 2019); total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (Chen, Ren, Wang, Xia, & Li, 2018), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) activity (Yu, Li, Zhu, Li, Duan, et al, 2020), catalase (CAT) activity (Yu, Zheng, Du, Li, et al, 2020), ascorbic acid (ASA) activity (Feng et al., 2016), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity (Li et al., 2020) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (Yin et al., 2018); ELISA Kit: heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90; Li, Liu, Xia, Wang, & Zhang, 2019), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1; Chen et al., 2016) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ; Kong et al., 2019) were determined using commercial assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).…”

Dietary supplementation of microbial floc heightens growth and improves digestive, immune, antioxidant enzymes activity and ammonia resistance in Opsariichthys kaopingensi s

“…Amylase (AMS) activity, lipase (LIS) activity, protease (PRS) activity, lysozyme (LSZ) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (ASA), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity were determined using commercial assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute) according to the protocol of Li, Li, et al (2019), Li, Liu, et al (2019), Li, Zhu, et al (2019), Yu, Li, Zhu, Li, Duan, et al (2020), Yu, Li, Zhu, Li, and Wu (2020), Yu, Wu, et al (2020), and Yu, Zheng, et al (2020).…”