Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide

Choi, Eun‐Young; Lee, S. S.; Hyeon, Jin-Yi; Choe, So-Hui; Keum, Bo Ram; Lim, Jae-Young; Park, D. C.; Choi, In-soon; Cho, K. K.

doi:10.5713/ajas.16.0418

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, certain natural product such as β-glucan and ginseng displayed both immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 cells [ 25 26 28 ]. These indicate that natural product could be effective immune modulators, although the mechanisms are not clearly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Park

Lee

2020

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides-and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immuneenhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Park

Lee

2020

Nutr Res Pract

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“…However, NO that is excessively formed by iNOS intensifies the inflammatory reaction and causes damage to tissues [27,28]. β-Glucan affects the release of NO by macrophages [26,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preventable efficacy of β-glucan against leptospirosis

et al. 2019

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Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species, has emerged as an important neglected zoonotic disease. Few studies have reported the preventable effects of immunoregulators, except for antibiotics, against leptospirosis. Generally, immunostimulatory agents are considered effective for enhancing innate immune responses. Many studies have found that beta-glucan (β-glucan) could be a potent and valuable immunostimulant for improving immune responses and controlling diseases. In this study, we investigated the preventable role of β-glucan against Leptospira infection in hamsters. First, β-glucan was administered 24 h prior to, during and after infection. The results showed that β-glucan increased the survival rate to 100%, alleviated tissue injury, and decreased leptospire loads in target organs. Additionally, we found using quantitative real-time PCR that application of β-glucan significantly enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, interleukin (IL)-1β and iNOS at 2 dpi (days post infection) and reduced the increase of TLR2, IL-1β and iNOS induced by Leptospira at 5 dpi. Furthermore, to induce memory immunity, β-glucan was administered 5 days prior to infection. β-Glucan also significantly increased the survival rates and ameliorated pathological damage to organs. Moreover, we demonstrated that β-glucan-trained macrophages exhibited elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in vitro, indicating that β-glucan induces an enhanced inflammatory response against Leptospira infection. These results indicate that administration of β-glucan and other immunostimulants could be potential valuable options for the control of Leptospira infection.

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“…This can be of interest due to the previously reported downregulation of innate T helper pro-inflammatory pathways by β-1,4 mannobiose in a colitis pig model, induced by dextran sodium sulfate at 1.25 g/kg BW/day, which maintained intestinal permeability and histological morphology (42). The immunomodulatory properties of different β-glucans have been demonstrated in vitro (17,43) and in vivo (44) to support intestinal health and microbiota balance in pigs (45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Fermented Rye With Agaricus Subrufescens and Mannan-rich Hydrolysate Based Feed Additive to Modulate Post-weaning Piglet Immune Response

Groot

Fariñas

Fabà

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The process of weaning in piglets is often associated with an increased inflammation response in the intestine and compromised intestinal integrity and morphology favoring a delay in intestinal maturation and a predisposal to diseases. Research has shown the potential of different nutritional strategies to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the main goal to manipulate health and performance of pigs. Promising examples of nutritional strategies are fungal fermented products and their derivatives which are described to contain several compounds that may play a role in gastrointestinal health and pathogenic bacteria control. Products from Agaricus subrufescens mushroom are reported to contain prophylactic and therapeutic properties including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory. Results This study analysed the post-weaning immune status in intestinal tissue and blood of piglets, with the objective to evaluate the gastrointestinal health and immune modulation response induced by a blend of mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens. The results showed that in piglets post-weaning, the feed additive stimulates an immunomodulation effect most evident at 15 days post-weaning, with lower expression of cytokines Interferon (IFN) γ, Interleukin (IL) 1 α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β in jejunum, accompanied with an increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cytokine gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35 (IL-12α), IL-12p40 (IL-12β), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, IFN-α, and TGF-β. In piglets fed the feed additive, the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells in jejunum, ileum was reduced on day 15 and 30 postweaning, and on day 30 and 45 post-weaning in colon tissue. Intestinal histomorphology demonstrated a villus height reduction in jejunum and increase in ileum on day 15, while increased villous height in jejunum and ileum on day 30. Natural Killer (NK) cells were increased at day 15 post-weaning in the piglets fed the feed additive.Conclusion This study implies the potential of the blend including mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens on immune modulation in the intestine of post-weaning piglets.

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Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

The preventable efficacy of β-glucan against leptospirosis

Fermented Rye With Agaricus Subrufescens and Mannan-rich Hydrolysate Based Feed Additive to Modulate Post-weaning Piglet Immune Response

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