Effects of ω–3 Fatty Acids on Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence ofω–3 fatty acids (ω3FA) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. The induction of ANP resulted in significant increases in mortality rate, intestinal permeability, bacterial infection in pancreas and extrapancreatic organs, and serum activity of urea and amylase, alanine transferase (ALT), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, tissue activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pancreas and lung, and a considerable decrease of concentrations of calcium, protein and albumin. The use of ω3FA reduced mortality, phenol sulfophthalein excretion in urine, bacterial infection in pancreas, liver, spleen, MPO and MDA levels in pancreatic and lung tissue, LDH level in BAL fluid and serum IL-6 and TNF-α values. Serum triglyceride increased only in the ω3FA groups. Serum amylase, ALT, calcium, urea, protein, IL-1, and degree of pancreatic damage indicated no difference between the pancreatitis groups. Increased intestinal permeability and cytokine levels, and free radical damage play an important role during the course of acute pancreatitis. The treatment with ω3FA improves these effects. ω3FA may be useful in the treatment during ANP in rats. Therefore, it can be beneficial in patients with pancreatitis.

Total Parenteral Nutrition Attenuates Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis in Rats

“…Rat studies of acute necrotizing pancreatitis have demonstrated that the infusion of omega-3 fatty acids reduces mortality, infections, and systemic inflammation. 46 Indeed, human studies of severe acute pancreatitis show decreased pulmonary and renal complications after omega-3 fatty acid treatment 47 and reduced infectious morbidity with glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. 6 …”

Early Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis by n-3 Fatty Acids Determinates Histologic Severity of Necrotizing Pancreatitis

“…Recent studies indicate a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA in the course of several diseases; however, the exact pathway is still unknown. 31 One pathway is supposed to be caused by a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, especially PGE 2 , and leukotrienes, especially leukotriene B4. 32,33 n-3 PUFA, especially those derived from fish oil such as eicosapentoeinic acid and DHA, are known to be integrated in the phospholipid pool of the cell membrane competing with arachidonic acid for the enzymes of the metabolization to eicosanoides.…”

Probiotic Agent Saccharomyces boulardii Reduces the Incidence of Lung Injury in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Induced Rats

“…Initially the right internal jugular vein was cannulated and catheter was tunneled subcutaneously to the suprascapular area for postoperative fluid resuscitation. ANP was induced by intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg/h cerulein (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) with superimposed infusion of 1.2 mL/kg glycodeoxycholic acid (Sigma and Aldrich, Germany) into biliopancreatic duct for 10 min at 30 mm Hg over 6 h following midline laparotomy [12]. Three mL of warm saline was applied to the abdomen before closing the midline laparotomy.…”