Effects on lower trophic levels of massive fish mortality

Vanni, Michael J.; Luecke, Chris; Kitchell, James F.; Allen, Yvonne; Temte, Jo; Magnuson, John J.

doi:10.1038/344333a0

Cited by 116 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The deepest Secchi depths for July and August occurred during 1988 at the end of a prolonged drought period when P loadings and concentrations were low (Lathrop et al 1996(Lathrop et al , 1998. Planktivory rates were also much lower in 1988 because of the massive die-off of cisco the previous year ( Vanni et al 1990;Rudstam et al 1993). The deepest July-August Secchi depths during a D. g. mendotae year was in 1983.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota

Lathrop

Carpenter

Robertson

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976The 20-yr ( -1995 data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.Excessive phosphorus (P) input to lakes clearly leads to eutrophication, especially affecting summer blue-green algal blooms (Vollenweider 1968;Schindler 1977;Sas 1989). Eutrophication models have linked P loading rates to in-lake P concentrations (Dillon and Rigler 1974b;Vollenweider 1976), which have been used to predict summer algal densities (Dillon and Rigler 1974a;Jones and Bachmann 1976). Although a lake's average P loading can give insights into its trophic status, such an analysis cannot explain the large interannual variability in summer algal densities that is often observed in eutrophic lakes. Factors such as internal P loading and food web dynamics are potential explanations.In large stratified eutrophic lakes, internal loading supplies much more P to epilimnetic waters during the summer than is delivered from external sources (Stauffer and Lee 1973;Larsen et al. 1981;Effler et al. 1986;Soranno et al. 1997). AcknowledgmentsWe thank the many people who participated in the field collection of the long-term data sets analyzed in this study. Daphnia enumerations were made

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota

Lathrop

Carpenter

Robertson

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…When released from the predation pressure of zooplanktivores, Daphnia typically strongly suppress cyanobacteria-dominated phytoplankton in high nutrient lakes (Lynch and Shapiro 1981, Shapiro and Wright 1984, Vanni 1984, Reinertsen et al 1990, Sanni and Waervagen 1990, Vanni et al 1990, Sarnelle 1993. In contrast, Daphnia often fail to prevent phytoplankton biomass from increasing when low-nutrient systems are experimentally enriched, with failure attributed to escape from Daphnia control by dangerous cyanobacteria (Carpenter et al 1995, 2001, Brett and Goldman 1997, Ghadouani et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function

Chislock

Sarnelle

Olsen

et al. 2013

Ecology

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Abstract. Study of the role of within-species adaptation in ecological dynamics has focused largely on prey adaptations that reduce consumption risk (prey defense). Few, if any, studies have examined how consumer adaptations to overcome prey defenses (consumer offense) affect ecosystem structure and function. We manipulated two sets of genotypes of a planktonic herbivore (Daphnia pulicaria) in a highly productive ecosystem with abundant toxic prey (cyanobacteria). The two sets of consumer genotypes varied widely in their tolerance of toxic cyanobacteria in the diet (i.e., sensitive vs. tolerant). We found a large effect of tolerant D. pulicaria on phytoplankton biomass and gross primary productivity but no effect of sensitive genotypes, this result stemming from genotype-specific differences in population growth in the presence of toxic prey. The former effect was as large as effects seen in previous Daphnia manipulations at similar productivity levels. Thus, we demonstrated that the effect of consumer genotypes with contrasting offensive adaptations was as large as the effect of consumer presence/absence.

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“…Zooplankton and fish were also sampled during 1987 as part of a larger study of the Lake Mendota food web (Luecke et al in prep. ;Vanni et al 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns of grazing and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake

Vanni

Temte

1990

Limnology & Oceanography

Self Cite

141

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Observations and experiments on zooplankton grazing and nutrient (N and P) limitation of phytoplankton of Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, revealed that the relative strength of the two factors varied markedly during the seasonal succession of phytoplankton. Furthermore, seasonal changes in grazing and nutrient limitation were caused not only by seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and nutrient availability but also by changes in phytoplankton community structure, which led to changes in edibility to zooplankton. The spring phytoplankton bloom of diatoms and small flagellates was highly vulnerable to grazing by both cyclopoid copepods and Duphnia, although Daphnia had a much stronger effect. Increased Duphnia grazing in late spring resulted in low phytoplankton biomass (the clear-water period) and a phytoplankton community dominated by colonial green algae-taxa vulnerable to grazing by Daphnia but not other zooplankton. Nutrients (N and P) did not limit phytoplankton growth during the spring bloom or the clear-water period. After the clear-water period, the summer phytoplankton community was dominated by blue-greens and Ceratium. Grazing effects by both Daphnia and copepods were low in summer, while nutrient limitation (both N and P) became severe. Reduced grazing impacts in summer may have resulted from prior intense grazing impacts, which led to dominance of grazing-resistant taxa. These results suggest that seasonal variation in the strength of grazing and nutrient controls in eutrophic lakes results from changes in zooplankton biomass and community structure, nutrient availability, and phytoplankton community structure interacting to determine phytoplankton seasonal succession.Freshwater phytoplankton communities often undergo pronounced seasonal succession (Reynolds 1984). The successional pattern in a lake is fairly repeatable among years, and patterns among lakes are somewhat predictable according to trophic status (e.g. Reynolds 1984;Sommer et al. 1986). Understanding the mechanisms causing seasonal succession and its consequences for other trophic levels, however, is still limited ' Present address:

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Effects on lower trophic levels of massive fish mortality

Cited by 116 publications

References 17 publications

Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota

Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota

Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function

Seasonal patterns of grazing and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake

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