Effects on Spoke Structure of Non-Pneumatic Tires by Finite Element Analysis

Non-pneumatic tire with curved isolated spokes for agricultural machinery in agricultural fields: Empirical and numerical study

“…The finite element models of the NPTs were validated by comparing them with the experimental results, as reported in a previous study [ 45 ]. A compression force of 14,000 N was applied in these tests.…”

“…It also showed a logarithmic increase following an increase in spoke thickness, while the spoke number remained constant. The Cowper-Symonds model successfully fitted nonlinear behavior with two variables [ [45] , [73] ] to derive the vertical stiffness function of the NPT. The vertical stiffness function, , of the NPT is expressed in the general form of the Cowper-Symonds model, as shown in Eq.…”

“…The effects of the spoke alignment were also studied. It was found that different alignments resulted in insignificant differences in the overall NPT performance [ 45 ]. Therefore, the effects of the spoke structure on soil compaction were investigated by compression testing using two NPTs.…”

“…In the last decade, the finite element method (FEM) has become a popular and powerful tool for studying and analysing NPT properties because of its complex structure [ 30 , [43] , [44] , [45] ]. The variables of NPT characteristics can be varied without wasting a significant number of resources, such as manpower, materials, and time.…”

“…Local stress was used to analyse the fatigue and durability of the NPT [ 47 ]. Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to investigate the position, angle, number, and thickness of various spokes that affect the NPT performance [ 40 , 45 , 48 , 49 ]. NPT velocity was an important variable for evaluating riding comfort [ 32 , 49 , 50 ].…”