Effects on stone cell development and lignin deposition in pears by different pollinators

Abstract

IntroductionThe pear pulp is formed by the development of the ovary wall, which is the somatic cell of the female parent, and its genetic traits are identical to those of the female parent, so that its phenotypic traits should also be identical to those of the female parent. However, the pulp quality of most pears, especially the stone cell clusters (SCCs) number and degree of polymerization (DP), were significantly affected by the paternal type. Stone cells are formed by the deposition of lignin in parenchymal cell (PC) walls. Studies on the effect of pollination on lignin deposition and stone cell formation in pear fruit have not been reported. Methods: In this study, 'Dangshan Su' (P. bretschneideri Rehd.) was selected as the mother tree, while 'Yali' (P. bretschneideri Rehd.) and 'Wonhwang' (P. pyrifolia Nakai.) were used as the father trees to perform cross-pollination. We investigated the effects of different parents on SCCs number and DP, and lignin deposition by microscopic and ultramicroscopic observation.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the formation of SCCs proceeds was consistent in DY and DW, but the SCC number and DP in DY were higher than that in DW. Ultramicroscopy revealed that the lignification process of DY and DW were all from corner to rest regions of the compound middle lamella and the secondary wall, with lignin particles deposited along the cellulose microfibrils. They were alternatively arranged until they filled up the whole cell cavity to culminate in the formation of stone cells. However, the compactness of the wall layer of cell wall was significantly higher in DY than in DW. We also found that the pit of stone cell was predominantly single pit pair, they transported degraded material from the PCs that were beginning to lignify out of the cells. Stone cell formation and lignin deposition in pollinated pear fruit from different parents were consistent, but the DP of SCCs and the compactness of the wall layer were higher in DY than that in DW. Therefore, DY SCC had a higher ability to resist the expansion pressure of PC.

Enhancing productivity, modifying biochemical parameters, and regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway in 'Le-Conte' pears through optimal protocatechuic acid treatments

“…Despite accounting for just 20-30% of mature stone cells [ 16 ], lignin has been postulated to play an important function in stone cells growth. As a result, we inferred that the decrease in stone cells content during the late growth stage might be related to pear fruit cell elongation, which collects sugar and other organic substances in accordance with Yan et al [ 12 ]. Lignin, a complex natural polymer, is synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, with the initial step catalyzed by cinnamoyl-CoA reductase [ 44 – 46 ].…”

“…Stone cells, which are commonly found in most pear cultivars, play a significant role in determining the internal quality of pear fruit [ 12 ]. These cells affect not only the sucrose content but also the flesh hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness [ 13 ].…”

A study revealing mechanisms behind the stone cell of Yali pear degradation by mixed‐culture fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast

“…However, the current research on reducing stone cell content mainly focuses on affecting lignin deposition by changing pollination types (Yan et al, 2023) and genetic manipulation (Xue et al, 2018) through which genes encoding key lignin biosynthesis enzymes are regulated. There are few studies on the degradation of stone cells in pear juice and other processed products.…”