Efficacy and Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence

Introduction: The most recent influenza season saw a prominent infectious burden over a period of six months in the Turkish capital, reminding observers of the pandemic in 2009 year. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of seasonal outbreaks in pregnant women during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Methodology: Forty-seven pregnant female patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness who were admitted to tertiary perinatal care center in Ankara, Tukrey, between October 2014 and May 2015 were included in this case-control study. The subtype determination of influenza was performed with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Clinical observations and pregnancy outcomes were compared with respect to subtypes. Results: Classifications were available for 35 patients, of whom 12 were determined to have influenza A infection, while 10 had influenza B infection. The remaining 13 patients were influenza-negative. Eight of the 22 (36.4%) influenza-positive patients delivered their babies in the preterm period (< 37 weeks). The corresponding rate was 8.3% (1/12) in the influenza-negative group. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). Conclusions: Preterm deliveries in pregnant women did not differ significantly among influenza-postive and influenza-negative pregnant women in non-vaccinated study population. Further studies with larger sample sizes may provide more supporting results.

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“…The present study also identified no difference between the clinical severities of influenza A versus B. [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Influenza infections in the 2014–2015 season and pregnancy outcomes

Ersoy

Unlu

Öztaş

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Stx2 injection or oral administration of an Stx2-producing EHEC strain. Because vaccination of pregnant women has been demonstrated to be a good approach to control endemic diseases (46,47), and considering that in certain regions of Argentina incidences are as high as 55/100,000 HUS cases and EHEC infections are endemic (7,48), we suggest that BLS-Stx2B could be useful to control disease in areas of endemicity through vaccination strategies in female adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Mice against Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx2)-Associated Damage by Maternal Immunization with a Brucella Lumazine Synthase-Stx2 B Subunit Chimera

et al. 2014

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Moreover, pups were totally protected against a lethal dose of systemic Stx2 injection up to 2 to 3 months postpartum. In addition, pups were resistant to an oral challenge with an Stx2-producing EHEC strain at weaning and did not develop any symptomatology associated with Stx2 toxicity. Fostering experiments demonstrated that anti-Stx2B neutralizing IgG antibodies were transmitted through breast-feeding. Pups that survived the EHEC infection due to maternally transferred immunity prolonged an active and specific immune response that protected them against a subsequent challenge with intravenous Stx2. Our study shows that maternal immunization with BLS-Stx2B was very effective at promoting the transfer of specific antibodies, and suggests that preexposure of adult females to this immunogen could protect their offspring during the early phase of life.

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“…Vaccination of pregnant women has been demonstrated to be a good approach to control endemic diseases [35,36]. According to our results, we suggest that the vaccination of with ␥-Int C 280 and EspB proteins could be useful to control disease in areas where infections with E. coli O157:H7 are endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%