Efficacy and Effectiveness of the PCV-10 and PCV-13 Vaccines Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Abstract

CONTEXT: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) (pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine [PCV-13] and pneumococcal 10-valent conjugate vaccine [PCV-10]) are available for prevention of pneumococcal infections in children. OBJECTIVE: To determine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PCV-13 and PCV-10 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and acute otitis media (AOM) in children ,5 years. DATA SOURCES: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and Cochrane. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies examined the direct effectiveness and/or efficacy of PCV-10 and PCV-13 in reducing the incidence of disease in healthy children ,5 years. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and methodologic quality assessment.RESULTS: Significant effectiveness against vaccine-type IPD in children #5 years was reported for $1 dose of PCV-13 in the 3 1 1 (86%-96%) and 2 1 1 schedule (67.2%-86%) and for PCV-10 for the 3 1 1 (72.8%-100%) and 2 1 1 schedules (92%-97%). In children ,12 months of age, PCV-13 VE against serotype 19A post-primary series was significant for the 3 1 1 but not the 2 1 1 schedule. PCV-10 crossprotection against 19A was significant in children #5 years with $1 dose (82.2% and 71%). The majority of studies did not find either PCV to be effective against serotype-3. PCV-13 was effective against AOM (86%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 61 to 94). PCV-10 was effective against clinically defined (26.9%; 95% CI: 5.9 to 43.3) and bacteriologically confirmed AOM (43.3%; 95% CI: 1.7 to 67.3). LIMITATIONS:Because of the large heterogeneity in studies, a meta-analysis for pooled estimates was not done.CONCLUSIONS: Both PCVs afford protection against pneumococcal infections, with PCV-10 protecting against 19A IPD, but this VE has not been verified in the youngest age groups.

The incremental burden of invasive pneumococcal disease associated with a decline in childhood vaccination using a dynamic transmission model in Japan: A secondary impact of COVID-19

“…1 ). Although some variations in vaccine effectiveness have been reported by each study, multiple studies have reported the effectiveness of the 3 primary doses plus a booster dose (3 + 1) schedule as being approximately 85%–86% for the primary doses and 90%–91% for the booster dose [ [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] ]. In our model, the vaccine effectiveness of PCV13 for the prevention of VT IPD was assumed to be 86.0% for the primary doses and 90.3% for the booster dose [ 47 ].…”

“…In our model, the vaccine effectiveness of PCV13 for the prevention of VT IPD was assumed to be 86.0% for the primary doses and 90.3% for the booster dose [ 47 ]. This variation was explored in our sensitivity analysis using a vaccine effectiveness range of 75%–99% [ [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] ]. The vaccine effectiveness for colonization was assumed to be 53% in our model [ 51 ].…”

Immune-Based Anti-Staphylococcal Therapeutic Approaches

“…Immunization strategies that seek to enhance opsonophagocytic killing of pathogens have been most successful with microbes encoding a prominent capsule. Thus, childhood vaccines that target H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae capsule have dramatically reduced invasive diseases caused by these major pathogens [ 74 , 75 ]. S. aureus , in comparison, makes a small capsule and relies on a broader array of virulence factors to establish infection in different tissues.…”

Effect of prophylactic administration of antipyretics on the immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children: a systematic review

“…Young children are considered the most important vector for the dissemination of pneumococci within the community because of their high frequency of nasopharyngeal carriage [3]. Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) were licensed in 2000 and their use has a substantial impact on the burden of pneumococcal disease leading to a significant reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease through direct and indirect protection [4][5][6]. Different amounts of pneumococcal antibodies are required to protect against systemic disease and colonization, with higher titers needed for protection against certain serotypes and mucosal colonization [7][8][9].…”