Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin, Promethazine, and Micronutrients for Rapid Clinical Recovery in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Kumar, Dr. G. Sunil; Vadgaonkar, Dr.Atul; Purunaik, Dr. Srilata; Shelatkar, Rohit; Vaidya, Vidyadhar G; Ganu, Gayatri; Vadgaonkar, Aditya; Joshi, Shashank

doi:10.7759/cureus.25467

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Promethazine, an antipsychotic agent showing clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is one most effective drugs for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which has been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 as there is almost 89% genetic similarity with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV [ 131 ]. Two pills were offered as an intervention, one with Aspirin and Promethazine and the other with vitamins D3, C, and B3, together with Zinc and selenium supplements [ 132 ]. A randomized clinical trial has been conducted to recover mildly to moderate COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this validation, further research on the repurposed drug, docking study, and other symptomatic analyses will help to identify the potential drug for the entire coronavirus family. A clinical study on Promethazine and Fostamatinib [ 115 , 132 ] is also in progress. Even though the research is in its early stages, it in some way partially corroborates our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome

Bandyopadhyay

Saha

Chatterjee³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that replicates itself via interacting with the host proteins. As a result, identifying virus and host protein-protein interactions could help researchers better understand the virus disease transmission behavior and identify possible COVID-19 drugs. The International Committee on Virus Taxonomy has determined that nCoV is genetically 89% compared to the SARS-CoV epidemic in 2003. This paper focuses on assessing the host–pathogen protein interaction affinity of the coronavirus family, having 44 different variants. In light of these considerations, a GO-semantic scoring function is provided based on Gene Ontology (GO) graphs for determining the binding affinity of any two proteins at the organism level. Based on the availability of the GO annotation of the proteins, 11 viral variants, viz., SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, Bat coronavirus HKU3, Bat coronavirus Rp3/2004, Bat coronavirus HKU5, Murine coronavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Rat coronavirus, Bat coronavirus HKU4, Bat coronavirus 133/2005, are considered from 44 viral variants. The fuzzy scoring function of the entire host–pathogen network has been processed with ~180 million potential interactions generated from 19,281 host proteins and around 242 viral proteins. ~4.5 million potential level one host–pathogen interactions are computed based on the estimated interaction affinity threshold. The resulting host–pathogen interactome is also validated with state-of-the-art experimental networks. The study has also been extended further toward the drug-repurposing study by analyzing the FDA-listed COVID drugs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome

Bandyopadhyay

Saha

Chatterjee³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some reports, however, demonstrated that knocking out the clathrin heavy chain blocked CME and reduced SARS-CoV-2 infectivity [ 87 , 108 ]. In addition, Promethazine was suggested based on its ability to inhibit clathrin, and to reduce the symptoms and inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 109 ]. Chlorpromazine, bolinaquinone (clathrin inhibitor), and Pitstop 2 are known to prevent the scission of the CCVs from the plasma membrane [ 110 ].…”

Section: Sorting Endocytic Proteins and Lipids As Anti-sars-cov-2 Tar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2?

Hessien

Donia

Tabll

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein–protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.

show abstract

“…Faster recovery was seen in participants from the treatment group, as demonstrated by significantly reduced levels of CRP, LDH, and ferritin. This study has provided preliminary evidence for further analysis of micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, as well as aspirin in the management of COVID-19 [ 26 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessments at baseline and on Days 5 and 10 have implied significant improvement of symptoms and inflammatory marker levels in hospitalized patients. Therefore, APVM2020 is a good candidate to be included in the COVID-19 management protocol [ 26 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Anti-platelets and Micronutrients in the Recovery of COVID-19 Patients: A Review

Singh¹,

Fauzi²

2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 or coronavirus disease is a pneumonia-like condition caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Many mutations of this virus have emerged throughout the two-year period of this pandemic. However, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 remain relatively unchanged. Various substances have been assessed for their functions as COVID-19 immunomodulators. Said substances in this article include aspirin, vitamin C, vitamin D3, zinc, and selenium. Aspirin was found to reduce mortality risk and embolism events. Vitamin C did not seem to improve mechanical ventilation-free days but did improve oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature in severe COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D3 was not significantly different compared to placebo in improving mortality in hospitalized patients. However, respiratory tract infection (COVID-19 included) events were lower in individuals given vitamin D3 compared to those who were not. Zinc combined with ascorbic acid caused a quick reduction in symptoms but was not significant compared to zinc alone, ascorbic acid alone, or standard care. Individuals with lower levels of selenium were found to have worse outcomes of COVID-19 compared to those with high levels of selenium. However, further studies, especially clinical trials, are needed. Asprinol is a drug that contains vitamins and minerals plus aspirin which are suggested to help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes of COVID-19. This review aims to assess the efficacy of asprinol contents in COVID-19 patients.

show abstract

Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin, Promethazine, and Micronutrients for Rapid Clinical Recovery in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome

Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome

Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2?

The Effects of Anti-platelets and Micronutrients in the Recovery of COVID-19 Patients: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About