Efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa essential oil to inactivate hydatid cyst protoscoleces

Abstract

Background One of the most important ways to cure hydatid cysts is surgery. Today, available chemical drugs have shown severe complications during hydatid cyst surgery. Here we investigated theefficacy and safety of Curcuma longa ( C. longa ) essential oil (CLEO) against hydatid cysts protoscoleces. Methods Here, the collected protoscoleces from fertile hydatid cysts were exposed to different concentrations of the CLEO (50–200 μl/mL) for 5–30 min in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, male NIH mice (48 mice) were applied to examine the safety of CLEO. Results All protoscoleces were completely killed in 5th min of treatment to the doses of 200 μl /mL of CLEO. On the other hand, in the 10th min of treatment, CLEO entirely killed 100% of protoscoleces at the dose of 100 μL/mL. Other doses of CLEO, but, revealed a postponed activity. Although CLEO at the doses of 50, and 100 μL/mL exhibited no similar effect in the ex vivo analysis; but, at the dose of 200 μL/mL and an exposure time of 5 min, approximately 100% of protoscoleces were destroyed into the cyst. We found that after intra-peritoneal injection of the CLEO for 14 days, although blood and biochemical parameters were changed; but there was no significant difference in comparison with the control group ( p > 0.05). Conclusion This research demonstrated that C. longa revealed the promising scolicidal effects against protoscoleces in vitro and in vivo, of course, after additional tests; it might be considered as an herbal scolicidal drug in order to decrease the threat of discharge of protoscoleces through hydatid cyst surgery. Nevertheless, supplementary studies will be desired to prove the current findings by examination the essential oil in a clinical setting.

Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021)

“…For a long time, herbal medicines have occupied a pivotal position in complementary and alternative medicine throughout the world [ 112 ]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 70% of the world’s population rely on folk remedies for the treatment of some of their health care issues [ 75 ].…”

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts

“…granulosus PCs, showing a potent scolicidal effect (100%) at very low concentrations and after a short period (1 μl/ml after 30 min). Remarkably, Eug proved a higher efficacy compared to several essential oils previously investigated against hydatid cyst PCs, such as Rosmarinus officinalis with an effective dose of 1 mg/ml after 8 days of incubation, Thymus vulgaris (1 mg/ml) after 7 days [ 41 ], Trachyspermum ammi [ 59 ], Nigella sativa [ 60 ], and Satureja khuzistanica essential oils [ 61 ] (10 mg/ml) after 10 min, and Myrtus communis (100 μl/ml) [ 62 ], Pistacia vera [ 8 ], and Curcuma longa essential oils (200 μl/ml) [ 63 ] after 5 min, and 0.5% of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil after 3 min [ 64 ]. In addition, Eug proved high scolicidal efficacy in very small doses than that was observed with Zataria multiflora essential oil emulsion against hydatid PC [ 65 ] and the germinative cells [ 66 ] (20 μl/ml for 10 min and 8 mg/ml for 7 min, respectively).…”

Nano amphotericin B: a good anti-leishmanial drug with effect on cathelicidin gene expression

“…Moreover, reformulation of old prescribed drugs or novel drugs designing by advanced methods such as nanodrug preparation terminates to promising results in very recent studies (Keyhani et al 2020b;Jahanbakhsh et al 2016). Most research has been focused on the production of nano drugs (Mahmoudvand et al 2019(Mahmoudvand et al , 2020Tavakoli Kareshk et al 2015). Nevertheless, it is progressing right now.…”