Efficacy and safety of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed‐treatment comparison analysis

Abstract

The RCTs in the present analysis show that all GLP-1RAs improve glycaemic control, reduce body weight and increase the risk of adverse gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo. Although there were no differences when short-acting agents were compared with each other or when long-acting agents were compared with each other, dulaglutide, liraglutide and once-weekly exenatide were superior to twice-daily exenatide and lixisenatide at lowering HbA1c and FPG levels. There were no differences in hypoglycaemia between these 3 agents, whilst once-weekly exenatide had the lowest risk of vomiting. These results, along with patient's preferences and individualized targets, should be considered when selecting a GLP-1RA.

Efficacy and Safety of ITCA 650, a Novel Drug-Device GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Oral Antidiabetes Drugs: The FREEDOM-1 Trial

“…Discontinuation due to nausea was low and not dose dependent. The incidence reported in this study was comparable to the incidence reported with other GLP-1 RAs (17,18).…”

“…Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable ($3 months) treatment with diet and exercise alone or with metformin ($1,500 mg/day), sulfonylureas (SUs) (greater than or equal to half maximal dose), or pioglitazone $30 mg/day monotherapy or in any combination were eligible if they were 18 were determined in human serum samples using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Charles River Laboratories, formerly WIL Research, Skokie, IL). If samples were positive for ADA, neutralizing antibodies (Eurofins) and cross-reactivity of ADAs to GLP-1 and glucagon were determined.…”

Impaired Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma after an Oral Glucose Load

“…GLP-1 also appears to be a physiological regulator of appetite and food intake [24]. Moreover, GLP-1R agonists have been recognized as an effective treatment option for glycemic control and the management of obesity in patients with T2DM [26]. It has also reported that GLP-1R activation directly promotes the proliferation and survival of several cell types (including β-cells, neurons, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes) independent of insulin [27], whereas it reduces growth and survival in murine colon cancer cells [28].…”

Semaglutide—the “new kid on the block” in the field of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists?

“…In addition, once-weekly GLP-1RAs may improve patient compliance and quality of life compared to the short-action preparations (6). Headto-head clinical trials as well as systematic reviews/metaanalyses showed that long-acting GLP1RAs are superior to short-acting GLP-1RAs in reducing HbA1c (7). Moreover, the compounds with long duration of action proved to be superior to basal insulin in reducing HbA1c as shown by recent meta-analyses (5,8).…”