Efficacy and Safety of Zopiclone and Eszopiclone in the Treatment of Primary and Comorbid Insomnia

Najib, Jadwiga

doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0226-6_18

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Zopiclone (ZP) is a type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist that increases GABA-neuronal block ( Louzada et al, 2021b ). Zopiclone can overcome the residual side effects caused by benzodiazepines such as difficulty in waking up, low morning concentration, and impaired psychomotor performance ( Agravat, 2018 ; de Mendonça et al, 2021 ; Koch-Weser et al, 1983 ), that is why it is considered as a very effective sleep aid, safe and well-tolerated in all age categories ( Louzada et al, 2021a ; Najib, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cod liver oil nano-structured lipid carriers (Cod-NLCs) as a promising platform for nose to brain delivery: Preparation, in vitro optimization, ex vivo cytotoxicity & in vivo biodistribution utilizing radioiodinated zopiclone

Taha

Nour

Mamdouh

et al. 2023

International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cod liver oil nano-structured lipid carriers (Cod-NLCs) as a promising platform for nose to brain delivery: Preparation, in vitro optimization, ex vivo cytotoxicity & in vivo biodistribution utilizing radioiodinated zopiclone

Taha

Nour

Mamdouh

et al. 2023

International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

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“…Racemic zopiclone itself has been available since 1987 outside of the United States, and has been widely utilized as a sedative/hypnotic with over 20 million patientyears of experience in many countries. Zopiclone is marketed as Imovane ® , Zopinox ® , or Zimovane ® in Canada, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Russia, and the United Kingdom, and as Amoban ® in Japan (Najib 2010).…”

Section: Place In Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eszopiclone: Review and Clinical Applications in Chronic and Comorbid Insomnia

Najib

2014

Drug Treatment of Sleep Disorders

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Eszopiclone, the active S(+)-enantiomer of zopiclone [(R,S)-zopiclone], was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for the treatment of insomnia in adult patients !18 years of age, and in 2005 became the first sedative hypnotic approved by the FDA for the long-term treatment of chronic insomnia. It is classified by the FDA as a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act and is available in the United States as the brand Lunesta ® in dosages of 1, 2, and 3 mg. Eszopiclone 2 and 3 mg consistently demonstrated significant improvements of the primary variable, latency to persistent sleep, assessed subjectively or objectively, in short-and long-term clinical trials. Additionally, improvements in sleep maintenance, sleep quality, and daytime functioning have also been observed. Eszopiclone 3 mg has been shown to improve insomnia associated with comorbid conditions. Tolerance with eszopiclone was not apparent in any of the sleep parameters for up to 12 months treatment duration and rebound insomnia, where documented, tends to be transient and limited to the first night of withdrawal. Eszopiclone is generally well tolerated and the most frequent adverse event is unpleasant bitter taste. Both eszopiclone and its racemic compound, zopiclone, are nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents that are derivatives of the cyclopyrrolone class, with eszopiclone exhibiting greater affinity than the R(À)-enantiomer for the GABA A /benzodiazepine receptor complex; hence the sedative hypnotic effects of the racemate are primarily linked to the S(+)-enantiomer rather than the R(À)-enantiomer. The racemate zopiclone is available as 3.75, 5, and 7.5 mg tablets; the latter contains 3.75 mg of S(+)-zopiclone, which is more than the highest dose (3 mg) available in the United States. Eszopiclone is not marketed in the European Union, as it was too similar to the racemate to be considered a patentable product.

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Comparative efficacy of hypnotics in young and middle-aged adults with insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Efficacy and Safety of Zopiclone and Eszopiclone in the Treatment of Primary and Comorbid Insomnia

Cited by 5 publications

References 84 publications

Cod liver oil nano-structured lipid carriers (Cod-NLCs) as a promising platform for nose to brain delivery: Preparation, in vitro optimization, ex vivo cytotoxicity & in vivo biodistribution utilizing radioiodinated zopiclone

Cod liver oil nano-structured lipid carriers (Cod-NLCs) as a promising platform for nose to brain delivery: Preparation, in vitro optimization, ex vivo cytotoxicity & in vivo biodistribution utilizing radioiodinated zopiclone

Eszopiclone: Review and Clinical Applications in Chronic and Comorbid Insomnia

Comparative efficacy of hypnotics in young and middle-aged adults with insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

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