Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Zimbabwe

Midzi, Nicholas; Sangweme, Davison; Zinyowera, Sekesai; Mapingure, Munyaradzi; Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Kumar, Nirbhay; Mutapi, Francisca; Woelk, Godfrey; Mduluza, Takafira

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.010

Cited by 66 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is pertinent to state however, that since the adoption of the WHA resolution, great progress has been made in a number of sub-Saharan African countries in the control of STH infections and schistosomiasis via mass chemotherapy among school children Adams et al, 2004;Mafe et al, 2005;King, 2006;Kihara et al, 2007;Adugna et al, 2007;Midzi et al, 2008). In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa there is currently a growing awareness of the public health significance of these helminth infections which previously were grossly neglected, and concerted advocacy for their control has resulted in increased political will and financial means to combat them (Keiser & Utzinger, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the findings of this review indicated that benzimidazoles exhibited considerable cure rates and egg reduction rates particularly against A. lumbricoides and hookworms (Guyatt et al, 2001;Jinabhai et al, 2001;Saathoff et al, 2004b;Adugna et al, 2007;Kihara et al, 2007;) and aside from reducing the load of worms, benzimidazole treatment has been shown to improve the nutritional status and cognitive development of children infected with A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms and reduces hookworm associated anaemia in children (Albonico et al, 1996;Stoltzfus et al, 1998). On the other hand studies reviewed indicated that a single oral dose of 40 mg of praziquantel per kg of body weight was safe, showed no or only a few but transient side effects, but resulted in high parasitological cure and egg reduction rates against both S. mansoni and S. haematobium (Berhe et al, 1999;Taylor et al, 2001;Guyatt et al, 2001;Degu et al, 2002;Saathoff et al, 2004a;Midzi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Uneke

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school-age children in sub-Saharan Africa. This review assessed the efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention in line with the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution since the passage in 2001. Using the Medline Entrez-Pubmed search, relevant publications were identified via combinations of key words such as helminth infection, school children, chemotherapy, Africa. Albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel were the antihelminthic drugs most commonly evaluated. Cure rates >80% and egg reduction rates >90% were recorded in most cases of schistosomiasis using praziquantel. Albendazole was very effective against A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections with majority of the studies recording cure rates >75%, but the efficacy of the drug was poor against T. trichiura. To ensure the realization of the WHA resolution, there is need for regular treatment of school children, development of alternative antihelminthic drugs and vaccines, environmental control measures and health education. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Uneke

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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“…Cure rates and egg reduction rates .90% are routinely achieved in study populations in Zimbabwe. 16,17 At the individual level, the effects of PZQ include: (1) killing adult worms by reducing infection intensity in the host and the immediate health consequences of infection 18 ; (2) reversal of the pathologic processes associated with infection 19 ; (3) accelerating the development of schistosome-specific acquired immunity, 20,21 which is protective against re-infection 22,23 ; and (4) reducing pathology from subsequent re-infection. 24 At the population level, PZQ treatment reduces transmission of the parasites.…”

Section: Praziquantelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 PZQ is effective against trematodes (including all schistosome species) and cestodes in humans. 14 Based on the prelicensing safety studies and numerous field studies, 16,25 PZQ treatment is considered safe and efficacious. There are a few adverse effects, including fatigue, urticaria, gastrointestinal and abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness (see Biltricide product sheet on http://www.…”

Section: Praziquantelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Policy and Practice in the Control of Pediatric Schistosomiasis

Mutapi

2015

Pediatrics

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Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease that affects ∼200 million people. The extended health impact of the disease has been estimated to exceed that of malaria or tuberculosis and to be nearer to that of HIV/AIDS. Within endemic areas, children carry the heaviest burden of infection. Infection/disease is controlled by the treatment of infected subjects with the anthelminthic drug praziquantel. Global initiatives from Partners of Parasite Control, including the World Health Organization (WHO), advocate regular school-based deworming strategies to reduce the development of severe morbidity, promote school–child health and development, and improve the cognitive potential of children. Until recently, preschool-aged children were excluded from schistosome treatment, creating a health inequity in affected populations. In 2010, the WHO updated their recommendations for the treatment of schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (ie, children aged ≤5 years). This change was the culmination of several decades of research on schistosome epidemiology, immunology, and pathology in this age group. The recent development of a pediatric formulation of praziquantel (soon to enter clinical trials) should advance control efforts in preschool-aged children, with the goal of including these children in preventative chemotherapy (as currently occurs for soil-transmitted helminths). This review discusses the research work supporting the WHO revision of recommendations for treating preschool-aged children, as well as current barriers and knowledge gaps in pediatric schistosomiasis control.

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“…At this dose, the cure rate at six weeks is 88%. The administration of a second dose of praziquantel at 4-6 weeks increases the cure rate to 100% (Midzi et al, 2008). To prevent resistance, some authors recommend a dose of praziquantel at 60 mg/kg/8 h, for three days (Botros et al, 2005).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%