Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

Adamu, M.; Naidoo, Vinny; Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-38

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As to A. graveolens essential oil IC50 evaluation, this was higher for larval migration (3.963 mg/mL); this result was inferior to the parameters established by Adamu et al (2013), in which a plant extract showing an EC50 below 6 mg/mL presented a great anthelmintic potential, corroborating the present finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Antihelminthic action of the Anethum graveolens essential oil on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

et al. 2021

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Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing ( <0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control. ResumoOs nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição o...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Antihelminthic action of the Anethum graveolens essential oil on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

et al. 2021

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“…Egg hatching inhibition effect of C. crepidioides suggests that the plant extract have bioactive molecules that could affect the biology of parasitic eggs when sprayed. This activity may be due to presence of saponins in the leaf of the plant as previously report by Lukhoba et al [32] and Adamu et al [33]. According to Price et al [34], saponins are known to destabilize cell membranes hence increase cell permeability by combining with membranes associated sterols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore on Haemonchus contortus.

Bogning¹,

Oloulade²,

Alowanou³

et al. 2016

J Exp Integr Med

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Objectives: Gastrointestinal parasites are recognized as major constraint to livestock production throughout the tropics. The use of plants and plant extracts remain the most serious alternative to modern anthelmintic drugs. This study evaluates the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous leaves extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides against Haemonchus contortus. Methods: Aqueous extract at concentrations of 75 to 2400 µg/ml was tested in vitro on three development stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worms motility inhibition assay (AMIA). Results: EHA showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) on H. contortus egg hatch. The inhibition of egg hatching was concentration dependent with the greatest inhibition (50.52%) at the highest concentration (2400 µg/ml) of the extract. Thiabendazole used as positive control showed significant inhibition (P < 0.001) with rate of 76.68 % at the highest concentration (500µg/ml). On LMIA the extract significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited larval migration of L3 in a concentration dependent manner compared to Phosphate Buffered Saline, but less than levamisole (P < 0.001). The highest inhibition rate was 35.30 % at the concentration of 1200 µg/ml. The addition of polyvinylpolyrrolidone to the aqueous extract slightly reduces (4.9%) the inhibition of the effect induced by the extract on larval migration. Effect of extract on AMIA was concentration-dependent with significant increase (P < 0.05) in percentage of inhibition after 12 h. Levamisole (500 µg/ml) kills 100% worms after 18 h post-exposure but by this time the plant exhibited only 16.67% inhibition at the highest concentration (2400 µg/ml). Conclusion: These finding indicate that C. crepidioides leaves have anthelmintic properties against H. contortus. This activity may be due to secondary metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids and tannins present in the extract. Further studies are needed to evaluate deeply the anthelmintic potential of this plant.

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“…Previously, report on the anthelmintic [6] and antifungal activity [7] of acetone extracts of these plant species have shown varied degree of activity. The most promising plant extracts against egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus were H. trifoliata, M. lanceolata and L. sericea .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the extracts had promising activity [6]. There were also promising activity against certain important fungal pathogens [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and selectivity index of leaf extracts of thirteen South African tree species used in ethnoveterinary medicine to treat helminth infections

2014

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BackgroundDiseases caused by bacteria remain a major challenge globally and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The plants used in this study have been used in South Africa to treat helminth infections in livestock and humans. In a previous study we found a correlation between antifungal and anthelmintic activity in some cases. In this study we examined other potential uses of these thirteen plant species by determining the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the leaf acetone extracts.The antibacterial activity was determined by using a serial microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Bioautography was used to determine the number of antibacterial compounds. The antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH methods.ResultsMaesa lanceolata and Leucosidea sericea with an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml had excellent antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was a poor correlation between antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity with R2 = 0.143. This is because antibacterial activity is mainly related to non-polar compounds and antioxidant activity to polar compounds. Maesa lanceolata extracts had a low cytotoxicity with a selectivity index of 5.2, 2.6, 2.6 and 1.3 for P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Strychnos mitis extracts had a therapeutic index of 1.1 for E. coli.ConclusionsThis study shows that plant extracts of some species used in ethnoveterinary medicine as anthelmintic may also have excellent antibacterial activity.

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Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 57 publications

References 33 publications

Antihelminthic action of the Anethum graveolens essential oil on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

Antihelminthic action of the Anethum graveolens essential oil on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore on Haemonchus contortus.

The antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and selectivity index of leaf extracts of thirteen South African tree species used in ethnoveterinary medicine to treat helminth infections

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