Efficacy assessment of entomopathogenic nematodes native to Morocco against the white grubs Rhizotrogus obesus Lucas and Geotrogus olcesii Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Synthesis, spectral and thermal studies of new Schiff base copper(II) complexes with their biological effect on Entomopathogenic nematodes

“…The electronic spectra of the complexes exhibit an intense peak in the highenergy region at the 355-490 nm range, assigning to ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions. The electronic absorption spectrum of complex (1) in methanol displays a broad absorption bands at max 750 nm and 500-535 nm which may be correlated to 2 B1g→ 2 A1g and 2 B1g→ 2 Eg transitions, respectively, proposing a square planar stereochemistry around Cu(II) ion. [48][49][50] The electronic spectra of complexes (2, 3, 5-8) show one broad band centered at the 700-750 nm range.…”

“…At the moderate concentration of Schiff bases L 1 and H2L 2 the mortality occurred. The tested complexes (1,5) showed no impact on mortality of S. carpocapsae at all (figure 8). With increasing the values of percentage mortality of the nematode juveniles, the similar rank of mortality at 48 h was observed at 96 h (figure 9).…”

“…The hydrated Cu(II) chloride was dissolved in distilled water. At the next concentrations (1.5, 7.5, 11 mg/L), ligands (L 1 , H2L 2 ) or complexes (1,5) vch.de -www.vjc.wiley VCH GmbH -© 2022 Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi & Wiley were dissolved in mixture of distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in a ratio of (1000:5 mL), respectively. For the control, redistilled water and DMSO were utilized.…”

“…The spectra (figure 2) exhibit axial symmetry with g = 2.18-2.19 and g⊥ = 2.03-2.06, which provide indication for largely covalent character in Cu-L bonds. [54] The trend g// > g⊥ > 2.0023 suggests dx2-y2 ground-state with the d 9 Cu(II) configuration i.e (eg) 4 , (a1g) 2 (b2g) 2 (b1g) 1 . [55] The empirical index f = g// /A// cm is a factor to quantify the degree of tetragonal distortion whose value is determined by the nature of the coordinated atoms.…”

“…Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNʼs) species pertinence to the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are one of the most elaborated microscopic forms of nematodes due to their ability to act as biological control agents of soil and for the management of various foliar insect pests. [1][2][3] EPNʼs are utilized as a biological pest control alternative towards chemical pesticides in crops, orchards, lawns, grasslands, and greenhouses or in conditions where chemical pesticides are not available. [4,5] These nematodes have a number of advantages over commonly used chemical pesticides.…”