Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO-incorporated alpha-cypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in Odisha State

Abstract

Background The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. To combat the resistance, synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs is one of the available options. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of Veeralin®LN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector. Methods The performance of Veeralin®LN was compared with MAGNet®LN and untreated net in reducing the entry, induced exit, mortality and blood feeding inhibition of target vector species. Results The performance of Veeralin was equal to MAGNet in terms of reducing hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding and inducing exophily, and with regard to causing mortality Veeralin was better than MAGNet. When compared to untreated net, a significant reduction in hut entry and blood feeding and an increase in exophily and mortality were observed with Veeralin. In cone bioassays, unwashed Veeralin caused > 80% mortality of An. culicifacies. Conclusions Veeralin performed equal to (entry, exit, feeding) or better than (mortality in huts and cone bioassays) MAGNet and could be an effective tool against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors.

Mapping malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in a high-endemic district of Haryana, India: implications for vector control strategies

“…As per the recommended strategy, the same class of insecticide should not be used in both IRS and LLIN, rather a different class of insecticide should be used to avoid cross-resistance. To overcome the pressing issue of resistance development against the available insecticide in use, a new generation of LLIN incorporating either piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or novel insecticides might be beneficial [ 24 , 25 ]. Another strategy could be the possibility of attractive targeted sugar baits application which has shown its efficacy under laboratory settings against both An.…”

Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases

“…Pyrethroid and pyrrole chlorfenapyr-impregnated nets have shown improved killing of the resistant vectors in comparison to nets with only pyrethroids in experimental hut studies. 50 In India, synthetic pyrethroid LLINs are in use by the national programme, while PBO nets have recently recieved approval for public health use 51 . Demonstration of advantage of PBO nets over synthetic pyrethroid nets and subsequent adoption of PBO nets by NCVBDC could pave the way for their application against resistant An.…”