Efficacy of 8-Bromoguanosine against Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Induced with <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i>

Abstract

Background and Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of 8-bromoguanosine (8Brguo), an immunostimulatory compound, in a murine model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Results: The results indicated that treatment by intraperitoneal administration of 8Brguo (150 mg/kg once daily for 1 week and thereafter once weekly for 1 month) diluted in Tween-80 produces an effect similar to that of treatment with the classical antimonial drug, Glucantime, in Leishmania amazonensis-infected CBA/J mice. While complete cure did not occur, animals treated with the nucleoside had small lesions in the infected footpad and delayed surface ulceration. Studies involving examination of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity, concentration of urea, blood pathology and histology of the spleen, kidney and liver showed no apparent toxicity of the nucleoside in treated mice. Conclusion: The protective in vivo effect during murine leishmaniasis as well as the lack of apparent toxicity of 8Brguo as attested by blood/serum pathology and histology from treated mice encourage further studies of C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides, such as 8Brguo, as new leishmanial drugs and as modifiers of the immunological response to combat infections with intracellular pathogens.

Potential utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and propolis in enhancing the leishmanicidal activity of glucantime

“…BALB/c mice cutaneously infected with L. amazonensis represent a model of extreme susceptibility and a string test for chemotherapy displaying rapid development of skin lesions followed by ulceration and cutaneous metastases resembling human cutaneous diffuse leishmaniasis. No cure was obtained with glucantime 6,20 .…”

“…Parasite and infection of mice: L. amazonensis (MHOM/ BR/73/2269) amastigotes were isolated from skin lesions of susceptible mice as previously described 3,6 . BALB/c mice were infected with 1 X 10 5 amastigotes suspended in 20-50 µL of sterile saline by subcutaneous injection into the shaved rump.…”

Activity of the Essential Oil from <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> Grown in Cuba against <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i>

“…In addition, BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to Leishmania parasites, showing a progressive infection that may promote metastasis, and being more susceptible to L. amazonensis than other inbred mice [22] . However, L. amazonensis have been used in several studies with [2,4,5,16,19,20,23,24] . We wish to report that notable differences were observed between the in vitro and in vivo activities of AmB against L. amazonensis .…”

The in vivo activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide compounds in the treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis

“…Meglumine antimoniate, a classic antileishmanial drug, was used as a reference. The concentrations of the drugs used for treatment were as follows: 28 mg Sb(V)/kg/day for meglumine antimoniate, 18,19 24 mg/kg/day for MI-HH, 22 mg/kg/day for MI-4-OCH 3 , 13 and 20 mg/kg/day for MI-4-NO 2 .…”