Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus ovis-based immunomodulator against equine herpesvirus type 1 and Streptococcus equi equi infections in horses

Ons, Ellen; Brussel, Leen Van; Lane, S.; King, Vickie L.; Cullinane, Ann; Kenna, Rachel; Lyons, P.A.; Hammond, Toni-Ann; Salt, Jeremy; Raue, R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.015

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Preventive effects of iPPVO against herpesviruses have been reported in other species [ 22 ]. Two studies confirm these findings by describing the clinical efficacy of iPPVO on horses exposed to EHV-1 and EHV-4 by contact with carriers horses [ 23 , 24 ] (Studies funded by Pfizer AH/Zoetis). The effects of iPPVO on the immune response to EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 infection remain unknown in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Our results tend to indicate that iPPVO does not affect the viral proliferation of EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 in vitro (measured up to 48 hpi). Looking at the increase of IFN-β expression, this result might be surprising taking into consideration recent results showing clinical efficacy of iPPVO in horses against EHV-1 infection in vivo [ 24 ]; however, the clinical effect was measured from day 11 to day 16 post-infection. The lack of iPPVO activity on EHV proliferation at 48 hpi in vitro may be linked to the shorter time of measurement compared to in vivo conditions, to the EHV-1 strain type, the viral load used in the assay, and/or inherent limitation of the in vitro model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment

et al. 2017

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Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect horses early during life and the persistence of these viruses through establishment of latency represents a real risk. A better understanding of the immune response to EHV infection is necessary to improve our methods of prevention and decrease the risk of transmission. The objectives of this study were to characterise the cytokine gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after in vitro EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 infection and to determine the efficacy of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) against these 3 viruses. PBMC were isolated from 3 horses and infected in vitro with EHV-1, EHV-4, or EHV-2 in the presence or absence of iPPVO. In vitro culture of PBMC with EHV-1, EHV-4, and iPPVO induced a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ gene expression. EHV-4 also triggered a significant increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. EHV-2 triggered a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA. The presence of iPPVO induced an earlier and stronger expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA during EHV infection and reduced the inflammatory response induced by EHV-2. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of iPPVO potentiates the development of the immune response to in vitro EHV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment

et al. 2017

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“…Key study characteristics are provided in Table 1. Eight studies were placebo‐controlled and involved experimental EHV‐1 infection 12,14,16,25‐29 . Neuropathic EHV‐1 strains including rAb4, Ab4, 03P37, Findlay OH 2003 (T953), and G2254/D752 Pol were involved in several included studies 12,14,16,25,27,30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of equine herpesvirus‐1 in domesticated horses: A systematic review

Goehring,

Dorman,

Osterrieder

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEquine herpes virus type 1 (EHV‐1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death.Review QuestionDoes pharmacological therapy decrease either the incidence or severity of disease or infection caused by EHV‐1 in domesticated horses?MethodsA systematic review was preformed searching AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Index Medicus Regional Databases to identify articles published before February 15, 2021. Selection criteria were original research reports published in peer reviewed journals, and studies investigating in vivo use of therapeutic agents for prevention or treatment of EHV‐1 in horses. Outcomes assessed included measures related to clinical outcomes that reflect symptomatic EHV‐1 infection or virus infection. We evaluated risk of bias and performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.ResultsA total of 7009 unique studies were identified, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated valacyclovir or small interfering RNAs, and single studies evaluated the use of a Parapoxvirus ovis‐based immunomodulator, human alpha interferon, an herbal supplement, a cytosine analog, and heparin. The level of evidence ranged between randomized controlled studies and observational trials. The risk of bias was moderate to high and sample sizes were small. Most studies reported either no benefit or minimal efficacy of the intervention tested.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur review indicates minimal or limited benefit either as a prophylactic or post‐exposure treatment for any of the studied interventions in the mitigation of EHV‐1‐associated disease outcome.

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“…z z Immunostimulants such as Parapoxovis in one study of natural EHV-1 exposure caused a reduction in clinical signs of respiratory disease (Ons et al, 2014). Their use has not been evaluated in the context of EHM outbreaks and it is not licensed for this purpose.…”

Section: Management and Treatment Of Horses With Ehmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine herpesviruses: a roundtable discussion

Ivens¹,

Rendle²,

Kydd³

et al. 2019

UK-Vet Equine

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Foreword There are nine different equid herpesviruses (EHVs). Five types (EHV-1 to EHV-5) infect the domestic horse, while EHV-6 to EHV-9 are associated with infections in wild equids including asses and zebra. This review focuses on the commonest and most important clinical pathogens, the alphaherpesviruses EHV-1 and 4. These are respiratory pathogens and are also responsible for abortion and neurological disease. Several aspects of the biology of these viruses makes their control challenging. In particular, latent infection and reactivation of infection under stress, with subsequent virus shedding, makes elimination of these viruses impossible. Biosecurity measures are important both for minimising the risk of an outbreak and for controlling any outbreak when it occurs. Recognition of the disease and confirmatory diagnosis are also important in order for appropriate biosecurity measures to be instigated. Vaccination in key demographic groups is also important to reduce severe clinical disease. Unfortunately many horse owners are unaware of EHV or the importance of biosecurity measures and vaccination for control.

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Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus ovis-based immunomodulator against equine herpesvirus type 1 and Streptococcus equi equi infections in horses

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment

Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment

Pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of equine herpesvirus‐1 in domesticated horses: A systematic review

Equine herpesviruses: a roundtable discussion

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