Efficacy of a Parent-Based Sexual-Risk Prevention Program for African American Preadolescents

Forehand, Rex; Armistead, Lisa; Long, Nicholas; Wyckoff, Sarah C.; Kotchick, Beth A.; Whitaker, Daniel J.; Shaffer, Anne; Greenberg, Alan E.; Murry, Velma Mc Bride; Jackson, Leslie C.; Kelly, Abesie; McNair, Lily; Dittus, Patricia; Lin, Carol Y.; Miller, Kim S.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1123

Cited by 95 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…44,47,52,53,55 No change was noted in 1 study. 46 Four studies assessed adolescent reports of changes in the frequency of communication: 2 resulted in increases 47,53 ; the adolescent result was not reported for 1 study 52 ; and 1 resulted in no change. 46 Only 1 study compared the magnitude of change in the frequency of communication between parents and adolescents; parents reported a larger change than adolescents.…”

Section: Frequency Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] The studies were published in 11 journals that represent a variety of disciplinary fields including psychology, 46,50,52 family relations, 44,53,54 adolescent health, 47,55 general medicine, 51 public health, 48 nursing, 56 and sexual health. 49 …”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46,51 Onethird of the studies specifically targeted fathers 48 or mothers, 46,50,56 and the remainder included predominantly mothers despite both parents being eligible. Participants in 3 studies consisted mostly of white respondents, [53][54][55] 6 included predominantly black respondents, 44,45,[47][48][49][50] and the remainder included samples with more than 2 racial/ethnic groups. 46,51,52 …”

Section: Intervention Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Only 1 study compared the magnitude of change in the frequency of communication between parents and adolescents; parents reported a larger change than adolescents. 47 …”

Section: Frequency Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45,[47][48][49]51 Data were reported from only 4 studies. [47][48][49]51 In all 4 studies, parents reported an increase in their self-efficacy for communicating. Two studies assessed adolescent reports of changes in self-efficacy.…”

Section: Self-efficacy For Communicatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventions to Improve Parental Communication About Sex: A Systematic Review

2011

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CONTEXT: The relative effectiveness of interventions to improve parental communication with adolescents about sex is not known. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness and methodologic quality of interventions for improving parental communication with adolescents about sex. METHODS:We searched 6 databases: OVID/Medline, PsychInfo, ERIC, Cochrane Review, Communication and Mass Media, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. We included studies published between 1980 and July 2010 in peer-reviewed English-language journals that targeted US parents of adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, used an experimental or quasi-experimental design, included a control group, and had a pretest/posttest design. We abstracted data on multiple communication outcomes defined by the integrative conceptual model (communication frequency, content, skills, intentions, selfefficacy, perceived environmental barriers/facilitators, perceived social norms, attitudes, outcome expectations, knowledge, and beliefs). Methodologic quality was assessed using the 11-item methodologic quality score. RESULTS:Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, parents who participated in these interventions experienced improvements in multiple communication domains including the frequency, quality, intentions, comfort, and self-efficacy for communicating. We noted no effects on parental attitudes toward communicating or the outcomes they expected to occur as a result of communicating. Four studies were of high quality, 7 were of medium quality, and 1 was of lower quality. Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). CONCLUSIONS: 494AKERS et al by guest on May 10, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from Adolescent sexual behavior is a normal developmental milestone. However, the social and public health consequences of adolescent sexual activity are tremendous. Of the 18 million sexually transmitted infections diagnosed in the United States each year, 1,2 half occur in adolescents. [3][4][5] Pregnancy affects 750 000 adolescents annually, 80% of which are unintended. 6 Despite recent declines in the number of sexually active adolescents, engagement in risky sexual behaviors remains problematic. 7 Adolescents who recall a parent talking with them about sex are more likely to report delaying sexual initiation [8][9][10] and increasing condom 8,11,12 and contraceptive 11,13 use. In light of these findings, interventions for improving parental communication about sex have been developed. 14 Although dozens of interventions exist, they have not been rigorously compared. We sought to examine whether interventions for improving parental communication with adolescents about sex are effective at strengthening multiple communication domains and to assess the methodologic quality of these interventions. METHODSWith the assistance of health science librarians, 6 databases were searched: OVID/Medline (1980 to July 2010), PsychInfo (1980 to July 2010), ERIC (1980 to July 2010), Cochrane Review (until...

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Section: Frequency Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Only 1 study compared the magnitude of change in the frequency of communication between parents and adolescents; parents reported a larger change than adolescents. 47 …”

Section: Frequency Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-efficacy For Communicatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventions to Improve Parental Communication About Sex: A Systematic Review

2011

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Assessment of Parent-Based Interventions for Adolescent Sexual Health

et al. 2019

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Parent-based sexual health interventions have received considerable attention as one factor that can increase safer sexual behavior among youth; however, to our knowledge, the evidence linking parent-based interventions to youth sexual behaviors has not been empirically synthesized. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of parent-based sexual health interventions with 3 primary youth outcomes-delayed sexual activity, condom use, and parent-child sexual communication-as well as several secondary outcomes. We also explored potential moderators of intervention effectiveness. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted of studies published through March 2018 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Communication Source, and CINAHL databases and relevant review articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they: (1) sampled adolescents (mean age, Յ18 years), (2) included parents in a key intervention component, (3) evaluated program effects with experimental/quasi-experimental designs, (4) included an adolescent-reported behavioral outcome, (5) consisted of a US-based sample, and (6) were published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Standardized mean difference (d) and 95% confidence intervals were computed from studies and meta-analyzed using random-effects models. A secondary analysis evaluated potential moderating variables. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were delayed sexual activity, condom use, and sexual communication. RESULTS Independent findings from 31 articles reporting on 12 464 adolescents (mean age = 12.3 years) were synthesized. Across studies, there was a significant association of parent-based interventions with improved condom use (d = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.51; P = .001) and parent-child sexual communication (d = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.19-0.35; P = .001). No significant differences between parent-based interventions and control programs were found for delaying sexual activity (d = −0.06; 95% CI, −0.14 to 0.02; P = .16). The associations for condom use were heterogeneous. Moderation analyses revealed larger associations for interventions that focused on younger, compared with older, adolescents; targeted black or Hispanic youth compared with mixed race/ethnicity samples; targeted parents and teens equally compared with emphasizing parents only; and included a program dose of 10 hours or more compared with a lower dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parent-based sexual health programs can promote safer sex behavior and cognitions in adolescents, although the findings in this analysis were generally modest. Moderation analyses indicated several areas where future programs could place additional attention to improve potential effectiveness.

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Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer

Shepherd

Frampton

Harris

2011

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the key risk factor for cervical cancer. Continuing high rates of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people demonstrate the need for effective behavioural interventions. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for young women to encourage safer sexual behaviours to prevent transmission of STIs (including HPV) and cervical cancer. Search methods Systematic literature searches were performed on the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL Issue 4, 2009) Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Review Group (CGCRG) Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Social Science Citation Index and Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) up to the end of 2009. All references were screened for inclusion against selection criteria. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural interventions for young women up to the age of 25 years that included, amongst other things, information provision about the transmission and prevention of STIs. Trials had to measure behavioural outcomes (e.g. condom use) and/or biological outcomes (e.g. incidence of STIs, cervical cancer). Data collection and analysis A narrative synthesis was conducted. Meta-analysis was not considered appropriate due to heterogeneity between the interventions and trial populations. Main results A total of 5271 references were screened and of these 23 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most were conducted in the USA and in health-care clinics (e.g. family planning). The majority of interventions provided information about STIs and taught safer sex skills (e.g. communication), occasionally supplemented with provision of resources (e.g. free sexual health services). They were heterogeneous in duration, contact time, provider, behavioural aims and outcomes. A variety of STIs were addressed including HIV and chlamydia. None of the trials explicitly mentioned HPV or cervical cancer prevention. Statistically significant effects for behavioural outcomes (e.g. increasing condom use) were common, though not universal and varied according to the type of outcome. There were no statistically significant effects of abstaining from or reducing sexual activity. There were few statistically significant effects on biological (STI) outcomes. Considerable uncertainty exists in the risk of bias due to incomplete or ambiguous reporting. Authors’ conclusions Behavioural interventions for young women which aim to promote sexual behaviours protective of STI transmission can be effective, primarily at encouraging condom use. Future evaluations should include a greater focus on HPV and its link to cervical cancer, with long-term follow-up to assess impact on behaviour change, rates of HPV infection and progression to cervical cancer. Studies should use an RCT design where possible with integral process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate. Given the predominance of USA studies in t...

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Efficacy of a Parent-Based Sexual-Risk Prevention Program for African American Preadolescents

Abstract: These results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a parenting program designed to teach sexual communication skills to prevent sexual risk in preadolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION; clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00137943.

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

Interventions to Improve Parental Communication About Sex: A Systematic Review

Interventions to Improve Parental Communication About Sex: A Systematic Review

Assessment of Parent-Based Interventions for Adolescent Sexual Health

Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer

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