Efficacy of a sunscreen containing butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane against ultraviolet. A radiation in photosensitized subjects

Gange, Richard W.; Soparkar, Anju; Matzinger, Ezra A.; Dromgoole, Sydney H.; Sefton, John; DeGryse, Ronald

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70199-0

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1 of ref. 2], with rapid falloff above that wavelength. A mixture containing 3% of this agent and 7% padimate O afforded psoralen-sensitized humans a UVA protection factor of 4.5 [3].…”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Broad-Spectrum Photoprotection: The Roles of Tinted Auto Windows, Sunscreens and Browning Agents in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Photosensitivity

Johnson

Fusaro

1992

Dermatology

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Since window glass absorbs sunlight below 320 nm, it provides a means of assessing sensitivity to longer wavelengths, i.e. UVA and visible radiation. Positive responses to the query of whether symptoms develop in the auto with the windows up must now be interpreted with regard to the possible presence of tinted plastic film on side and rear windows. These films block nearly all UVA radiation, as does the plastic interleaf of windshields. Thus, occupants of an auto equipped with plastic film receive photoprotection from UVB radiation and well into the UVA region. We define three classes of topical sunscreens: (1) conventional UVB screens, (2) broad-spectrum preparations containing a UVB screen and a UVA absorber and (3) browning agents such as dihydroxyacetone (DHA) that produce a skin coloration that absorbs in the low end of the visible region, with overlap into long-wavelength UVA. By considering responses of photosensitive persons in autos with tinted or untinted windows, coupled with efficacy of appropriate sunscreens, we produced an algorithm defining three photosensitivity subsets. Persons sensitive to long-wavelength UVA and/or visible radiation will benefit from tinted auto windows. In particular, patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) have actively promoted legislation allowing tinted windows. Support for their position is documented by recent reports of induction of lesions in LE patients by exposure to UVA and visible radiation. The brown color produced by DHA is a useful adjunct to the screening action of broad-spectrum sunscreens. Development of a durable color overnight allows application of the DHA preparation in the evening, thus eliminating possible interference with sunscreen use during the day.

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“…1 of ref. 2], with rapid falloff above that wavelength. A mixture containing 3% of this agent and 7% padimate O afforded psoralen-sensitized humans a UVA protection factor of 4.5 [3].…”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789) is a true UVA screen with an absorption band centered at 358 nm [2]. Its absorption is still 83% of maximum at 370 nm [extrapolated from fig.…”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Photoprotection: The Roles of Tinted Auto Windows, Sunscreens and Browning Agents in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Photosensitivity

Johnson

Fusaro

1992

Dermatology

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“…It absorbs most efficiently in UVB and UVA2 range with two absorption peaks (l maximum, 288 and 325 nm). Although it is a broad-spectrum UVA filter, 92 it is photolabile and can be oxidized rapidly; its oxidation will inactivate the antioxidant systems. 93 Other Bps listed in the FDA monograph are sulisobenzone (Bp-4) and dioxybenzone (Bp-8).…”

Section: Uv Filters Topical Photoprotective Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection

Kullavanijaya

Lim

2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

345

265

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“…After 12 to 18 days, the melanogenic protection factor (MPF) for the Ethylhexyl (Octyl) Salicylate formulation, calculated as the minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) of protected skin/MMD of unprotected skin, was 2.7 (28 subjects), with a range of 0.7 to 5.4. For the vehicle controls, the mean MPF was 1.0 (36 subjects), with a range of 0.5 to 2.0 (Gange et al 1986). …”

Section: Ethylhexyl Salicylatementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of Salicylic Acid, Butyloctyl Salicylate, Calcium Salicylate, C12–15 Alkyl Salicylate, Capryloyl Salicylic Acid, Hexyldodecyl Salicylate, Isocetyl Salicylate, Isodecyl Salicylate, Magnesium Salicylate, MEA-Salicylate, Ethylhexyl Salicylate, Potassium Salicylate, Methyl Salicylate, Myristyl Salicylate, Sodium Salicylate, TEA-Salicylate, and Tridecyl Salicylate

2003

Int J Toxicol

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Salicylic Acid is an aromatic acid used in cosmetic formulations as a denaturant, hair-conditioning agent, and skin-conditioning agent--miscellaneous in a wide range of cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0.0008% to 3%. The Calcium, Magnesium, and MEA salts are preservatives, and Potassium Salicylate is a cosmetic biocide and preservative, not currently in use. Sodium Salicylate is used as a denaturant and preservative (0.09% to 2%). The TEA salt of Salicylic Acid is used as an ultraviolet (UV) light absorber (0.0001% to 0.75%). Several Salicylic Acid esters are used as skin conditioning agents--miscellaneous (Capryloyl, 0.1% to 1%; C12-15 Alkyl, no current use; Isocetyl, 3% to 5%; Isodecyl, no current use; and Tridecyl, no current use). Butyloctyl Salicylate (0.5% to 5%) and Hexyldodecyl Salicylate (no current use) are hair-conditioning agents and skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous. Ethylhexyl Salicylate (formerly known as Octyl Salicylate) is used as a fragrance ingredient, sunscreen agent, and UV light absorber (0.001% to 8%), and Methyl Salicylate is used as a denaturant and flavoring agent (0.0001% to 0.6%). Myristyl Salicylate has no reported function. Isodecyl Salicylate is used in three formulations, but no concentration of use information was reported. Salicylates are absorbed percutaneously. Around 10% of applied salicylates can remain in the skin. Salicylic Acid is reported to enhance percutaneous penetration of some agents (e.g., vitamin A), but not others (e.g., hydrocortisone). Little acute toxicity (LD(50) in rats; >2 g/kg) via a dermal exposure route is seen for Salicylic Acid, Methyl Salicylate, Tridecyl Salicylate, and Butyloctyl Salicylate. Short-term oral, inhalation, and parenteral exposures to salicylates sufficient to produce high blood concentrations are associated primarily with liver and kidney damage. Subchronic dermal exposures to undiluted Methyl Salicylate were associated with kidney damage. Chronic oral exposure to Methyl Salicylate produced bone lesions as a function of the level of exposure in 2-year rat studies; liver damage was seen in dogs exposed to 0.15 g/kg/day in one study; kidney and liver weight increases in another study at the same exposure; but no liver or kidney abnormalities in a study at 0.167 g/kg/day. Applications of Isodecyl, Tridecyl, and Butyloctyl Salicylate were not irritating to rabbit skin, whereas undiluted Ethylhexyl Salicylate produced minimal to mild irritation. Methyl Salicylate at a 1% concentration with a 70% ethanol vehicle were irritating, whereas a 6% concentration in polyethylene glycol produced little or no irritation. Isodecyl Salicylate, Methyl Salicylate, Ethylhexyl (Octyl) Salicylate, Tridecyl Salicylate, and Butyloctyl Salicylate were not ocular irritants. Although Salicylic Acid at a concentration of 20% in acetone was positive in the local lymph node assay, a concentration of 20% in acetone/olive oil was not. Methyl Salicylate was negative at concentrations up to 25% in this assay, independent of vehicle. Maximization te...

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Efficacy of a sunscreen containing butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane against ultraviolet. A radiation in photosensitized subjects

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Broad-Spectrum Photoprotection: The Roles of Tinted Auto Windows, Sunscreens and Browning Agents in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Photosensitivity

Broad-Spectrum Photoprotection: The Roles of Tinted Auto Windows, Sunscreens and Browning Agents in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Photosensitivity

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