Efficacy of an automated ultraviolet C device in a shared hospital bathroom

Cooper, Jesse; Bryce, Elizabeth; Astrakianakis, George; Stefanovic, Aleksandra; Bartlett, Karen H.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.07.004

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This technique is available in Sweden today and is to our knowledge in limited used at some hospitals. There are also other types of UVC emitting cleaning devices on the market [148,149] but to our knowledge the usage of those is limited in Sweden today and the technique has also been questioned with respect to cost efficiency and occupational safety [150,151]. In a recent report from SCHEER [152] UVC lamps are discussed extensively and they conclude that adverse effects to human skin and eyes could be caused by accidental exposure to UVC lamps.…”

Section: Optical Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects

Mild

Lundström

Wilén

2019

IJERPH

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The main aim of the study was to identify and describe methods using non-ionizing radiation (NIR) such as electromagnetic fields (EMF) and optical radiation in Swedish health care. By examining anticipated exposure levels and by identifying possible health hazards we also aimed to recognize knowledge gaps in the field. NIR is mainly used in health care for diagnosis and therapy. Three applications were identified where acute effects cannot be ruled out: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrosurgery. When using optical radiation, such as class 3 and 4 lasers for therapy or surgical procedures and ultra-violet light for therapy, acute effects such as unintentional burns, photo reactions, erythema and effects on the eyes need to be avoided. There is a need for more knowledge regarding long-term effects of MRI as well as on the combination of different NIR exposures. Based on literature and after consulting staff we conclude that the health care professionals’ knowledge about the risks and safety measures should be improved and that there is a need for clear, evidence-based information from reliable sources, and it should be obvious to the user which source to address.

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Section: Optical Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects

Mild

Lundström

Wilén

2019

IJERPH

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“…Revisando a bibliografia, assim como o ozônio o uso do espectro C do ultravioleta, elimina agentes patogênicos, pois passa através da parede celular destruindo o material genético do mesmo, no qual a onda 222 -nm, contém características germicidas sem provocar problemas de saúde aos humanos expostos, porém apresenta um problema de dimensionamento em que a exposição para determinados sistemas é diferente, para sítios com humanos, a exposição recomendada é cerca de 500 [mJ/ cm²], demandando mais tempo para maior eficácia do sistema 4,17,44,45 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Até agora, a luz UVC tem quase as mesmas propriedades germicidas altamente eficazes da luz UV, mas sem os riscos para a saúde humana associados. Vários grupos propuseram que a luz Far-UVC (207 a 222 nm), que pode ser gerada usando lâmpadas, é uma tecnologia antimicrobiana eficiente e segura que pode ser implantada em locais públicos ocupados 26,45,47 .…”

Section: Uvcunclassified

Revisão Sistemática da Utilização de Far-UVC e Ozônio no Combate à Covid-19 e demais Patógenos

et al. 2021

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Frente ao desafio de explorar novos meios de uma mitigação eficiente e acessível para inativação de patógenos e limitar sua transmissão em ambientes ocupados por pessoas, surgiu a iniciativa desta investigação que teve como objetivo primário realizar uma revisão sistemática, buscando na literatura oestado da arte em relação à utilização de radiação UVC e Ozônio como agentes germicidas no combate de vírus e bactérias.Foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados trabalhos que continham as strings “UVC" AND "wave" AND "ultraviolet" AND "radiation" AND "light" AND" intensity" e também “ozone" AND "air"AND "disinfection" AND "virus" AND "bacteria" AND "environment" AND "decontamination" AND "air decontamination". A busca foi feita nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, Web of Science, pubMED, SciELO, Google Scholar e World Wide Science. Foram encontrados 189 artigos relacionados à utilização de UVC comoagente germicida e 16 artigos acerca da utilização do ozônio, totalizando assim 205 artigos. Destes somente 44 foram selecionados para a revisão, os outros trabalhos não foram selecionados, pois não se enquadraram no critério de seleção, seja por possuir uma aplicação diferente da proposta pelo grupo, exemplo artigos que relacionavam a utilização da radiação UVC no tratamento de águas residuais ou por a data de publicação não se enquadrar no período de 2016 a 2020, nenhum artigo utilizando ambos os agentes germicidas ozônio e UVC foi encontrado. Entretanto, entres os artigos selecionados, foram relatadas informações importantes e promissoras para dar firmamento e veracidade às premissas adotadas pelos pesquisadores.

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“…However, the use of chlorine has been recently associated with the formation of carcinogenic compounds as well as being corrosive and harmful to humans [ 44 ]. Finally, ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasingly reported as an effective sterilization method, and recently, its efficacy has been verified within a shared hospital bathroom [ 45 ].…”

Section: Cleaning and Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Contaminating Plumbing Components and Sanitary Installations of Hospital Restrooms

Valzano,

Coda,

Liso

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses several issues concerning the management of hospital-acquired infections, leading to increasing morbidity and mortality rates and higher costs of care. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can spread in the healthcare setting by different ways. The most important are direct contact transmission occurring when an individual comes into physical contact with an infected or colonized patient (which can involve healthcare workers, patients, or visitors) and indirect contact transmission occurring when a person touches contaminated objects or surfaces in the hospital environment. Furthermore, in recent years, toilets in hospital settings have been increasingly recognised as a hidden source of MDR bacteria. Different sites in restrooms, from toilets and hoppers to drains and siphons, can become contaminated with MDR bacteria that can persist there for long time periods. Therefore, shared toilets may play an important role in the transmission of nosocomial infections since they could represent a reservoir for MDR bacteria. Such pathogens can be further disseminated by bioaerosol and/or droplets potentially produced during toilet use or flushing and be transmitted by inhalation and contact with contaminated fomites. In this review, we summarize available evidence regarding the molecular features of MDR bacteria contaminating toilets of healthcare environments, with a particular focus on plumbing components and sanitary installation. The presence of bacteria with specific molecular traits in different toilet sites should be considered when adopting effective managing and containing interventions against nosocomial infections potentially due to environmental contamination. Finally, here we provide an overview of traditional and new approaches to reduce the spreading of such infections.

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Efficacy of an automated ultraviolet C device in a shared hospital bathroom

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects

Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects

Revisão Sistemática da Utilização de Far-UVC e Ozônio no Combate à Covid-19 e demais Patógenos

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Contaminating Plumbing Components and Sanitary Installations of Hospital Restrooms

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