Efficacy of an elemental diet in achieving clinical remission in dogs with chronic enteropathy

Manchester, Alison C.; Dow, Steven; Chow, Lyndah; Gagne, Jason; Lappin, Michael R.

doi:10.1111/jvim.16846

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In the present study, diarrhea was also reported to be the most common reason for the administration of metronidazole. However, this should be discussed critically, as metronidazole is known to cause significant and longstanding dysbiosis of the enteral microbiome [52], and in most cases of acute and chronic diarrhea, antibiotic treatment does not affect clinical improvement in stable patients [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]53,54]. For treatment of Giardiasis, fenbendazole has been recommended as the first-line drug, causing only minimal changes in the enteral microbiota while being equally effective against Giardia [32,36,[55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online-Assisted Survey on Antibiotic Use by Pet Owners in Dogs and Cats

Rocholl,

Zablotski,

Schulz

2024

Antibiotics

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The aim of the study was two-fold: first, to collect data on the use of antibiotics in Germany for dogs and cats and, second, their owners’ experiences and opinions. Using an anonymous online survey, dog and cat owners were asked about the last antibiotic administration in their pet. The inclusion criterion was any antibiotic administration within the last year. A total of 708 questionnaires from 463 dogs and 245 cats could be evaluated. Diarrhea was reported as the most common reason for antibiotic administration in dogs (18.4%). Wound infection/abscess/bite injury was the second most common reason in dogs (16.0%). In cats wound infection/abscess/bite injury was the most common reason (23.3%), followed by dental treatment (21.2%) and upper respiratory tract infections (16.7%). The most common antibiotics used systemically in both species were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (32.5%), amoxicillin (14.8%), metronidazole (6.9%), and doxycycline (6.8%). While efficacy (99.9%) and tolerability (94.8%) were rated as most important for the choice of antibiotics, costs (51.6%) were cited as predominantly unimportant. First-line antibiotics were used significantly more often than critically important antibiotics. The majority of animal owners show awareness for avoidance of antibiotic resistance and the use of critically important antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online-Assisted Survey on Antibiotic Use by Pet Owners in Dogs and Cats

Rocholl,

Zablotski,

Schulz

2024

Antibiotics

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“…Dogs with CIE were selected during screening for a prospective clinical trial at Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH) involving feeding of novel diet sourcing protein from individual amino acids (Colorado State University IACUC protocol #1440) ( 23 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the canine duodenum in chronic inflammatory enteropathy and health

Manchester,

Ammons,

Lappin

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is a common condition in dogs causing recurrent or persistent gastrointestinal clinical signs. Pathogenesis is thought to involve intestinal mucosal inflammatory infiltrates, but histopathological evaluation of intestinal biopsies from dogs with CIE fails to guide treatment, inform prognosis, or correlate with clinical remission. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to catalog and compare the diversity of cells present in duodenal mucosal endoscopic biopsies from 3 healthy dogs and 4 dogs with CIE. Through characterization of 35,668 cells, we identified 31 transcriptomically distinct cell populations, including T cells, epithelial cells, and myeloid cells. Both healthy and CIE samples contributed to each cell population. T cells were broadly subdivided into GZMAhigh (putatively annotated as tissue resident) and IL7Rhigh (putatively annotated as non-resident) T cell categories, with evidence of a skewed proportion favoring an increase in the relative proportion of IL7Rhigh T cells in CIE dogs. Among the myeloid cells, neutrophils from CIE samples exhibited inflammatory (SOD2 and IL1A) gene expression signatures. Numerous differentially expressed genes were identified in epithelial cells, with gene set enrichment analysis suggesting enterocytes from CIE dogs may be undergoing stress responses and have altered metabolic properties. Overall, this work reveals the previously unappreciated cellular heterogeneity in canine duodenal mucosa and provides new insights into molecular mechanisms which may contribute to intestinal dysfunction in CIE. The cell type gene signatures developed through this study may also be used to better understand the subtleties of canine intestinal physiology in health and disease.

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“…Diet remains the most effective therapy for canine CE [53], and the ability of diet to alter microbial populations [54] and shifts in luminal BA populations may explain in part the impact of specific GI disease-targeted dietary interventions [13]. Antibiotics are another widely implemented treatment modality for canine CE [21,55,56], and one possible mechanism for their efficacy in managing CE is through shifting the microbiome and, in turn, the BA-gut axis [55].…”

Section: Potential Impact Of the New Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of In Vitro Macrophage Responses via Primary and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs

Manchester,

Chow,

Wheat

et al. 2023

Animals

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Bile acids (BA) are important metabolites secreted into the intestinal lumen and impacted by luminal microbes and dietary intake. Prior studies in humans and rodents have shown that BAs are immunologically active and that primary and secondary BAs have distinct immune properties. Therefore, the composition of the gut BA pool may influence GI inflammatory responses. The current study investigated the relative immune modulatory properties of primary (cholic acid, CA) and secondary BAs (lithocholic acid, LCA) by assessing their effects on canine macrophage cytokine secretion and BA receptor (TGR5) expression. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to further interrogate how CA and LCA differentially modulated macrophage responses to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). We found that exposure to either CA or LCA influenced LPS-induced cytokine production via macrophages similarly, with suppression of TNF-α secretion and enhancement of IL-10 secretion. Neither BA altered the expression of the BA receptor TGR5. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CA activated inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages involving type II interferon signaling and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, whereas LCA activated pathways related to nitric oxide signaling and cell cycle regulation. Thus, we concluded that both primary and secondary BAs are active modulators of macrophage responses in dogs, with differential and shared effects evident with sequencing analysis.

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Efficacy of an elemental diet in achieving clinical remission in dogs with chronic enteropathy

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Online-Assisted Survey on Antibiotic Use by Pet Owners in Dogs and Cats

Online-Assisted Survey on Antibiotic Use by Pet Owners in Dogs and Cats

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the canine duodenum in chronic inflammatory enteropathy and health

Modulation of In Vitro Macrophage Responses via Primary and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs

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