Efficacy of an Oral Vaccinia-Rabies Glycoprotein Recombinant Vaccine in Controlling Epidemic Raccoon Rabies in New Jersey

Roscoe, Douglas E.; Holste, Warren C.; Sorhage, Faye E.; Campbell, Colin; Niezgoda, Michael; Buchannan, Raymond; Diehl, D.; Niu, Hong Shin; Rupprecht, Charles E.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-34.4.752

Cited by 94 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fifty-seven percent of the sampled raccoons were tetracycline positive, which is within the ranges that have been previously reported in placebo trials and the two published vaccine trials (Rupprecht et al, 1987;Perry et al, 1989;Hanlon et al, 1989;Hable et al, 1992;Hanlon et al, 1993Hanlon et al, , 1998Roscoe et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Only one of the 31 cats was tetracycline positive, suggesting that cats do not consume a large number of the vaccine-laden baits. However, in New Jersey (USA) domestic cats were major competitors for the baits (Roscoe et al, 1998). One of two gray foxes was positive for tetracycline, but the small sample size does not permit interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Raboral V-RG vaccine is currently being tested as a rabies control measure in several parts of the United States (Krebs et al, 1998;Fearneyhough et al, 1998;Roscoe et al, 1998;Robbins et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bait Ingestion by Free-Ranging Raccoons and Nontarget Species in an Oral Rabies Vaccine Field Trial in Florida

Olson

Mitchell²,

Werner

2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Oral rabies vaccine-laden baits, with a tetracycline biomarker, were distributed in Pinellas County (Florida, USA) by helicopter drop and from cars from January to April 1997. A total of 130,320 baits was distributed throughout the county, yielding an average bait density of 185 baits per km 2 . Bait ingestion was estimated by microscopic detection of tetracycline in tooth and bone samples from 244 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 33 opossums (Didelphis virginianus), 31 feral cats, and two gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) that were trapped during FebruaryApril 1997. Active surveillance consisted of 17 trapping sites that were further categorized by six community descriptors. Passive surveillance consisted of animals that were collected as nuisance animals by Pinellas County Animal Services. The proportion of tetracycline positive raccoons was compared between collection techniques, among trapping sites, vegetation communities, and age and sex categories. Since there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of tetracycline positive raccoons trapped during active surveillance (59%, 110/187) and passive surveillance (53%, 30/57), the data were pooled, resulting in a tetracycline positive frequency of 57% (140/244). The range in the positive tetracycline frequency established for raccoons from the 17 active surveillance sites was 9% (1/11) to 100% (3/3). The tetracycline positive frequency for raccoons ranged from 25% (3/12) at the dumpster sites to 78% (14/18) at the landfills. Juvenile male raccoons (71%, 34/48) were the most commonly marked age and sex class and adult females (42%, 21/50) were the least commonly marked age and sex class. Eighty-five percent (28/33) of the opossums, 3% (1/31) of the feral cats, and 50% (1/2) of the gray foxes were tetracycline positive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bait Ingestion by Free-Ranging Raccoons and Nontarget Species in an Oral Rabies Vaccine Field Trial in Florida

Olson

Mitchell²,

Werner

2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Lawrence counties, New York, ORV without PR or TVR was not successful at containing isolated cases of raccoon rabies during 1998/99. However, ORV has been successful in areas such as Massachusetts and New Jersey to stop advancing epizootics of the disease, as opposed to responding to a point source infection (Robbins et al, 1998;Roscoe et al, 1998).…”

Section: Justification For Pr Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One rabid raccoon in New Jersey was documented as moving 13 km (Roscoe et al, 1998). How often does this occur and how wide does a control zone have to be to control raccoon rabies?…”

Section: Timing For Pic Tacticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Response to Raccoon Rabies Introduction Into Ontario

Rosatte

Donovan

Allan

et al. 2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

103

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During 15 July to 4 October, 1999, rabies control programs were implemented with the objective being to contain the first three confirmed cases of raccoon rabies in Canada. The strategy, called point infection control (PIC) involved the use of three tactics: population reduction (PR), trap-vaccinate-release (TVR) and oral rabies vaccination with baits (ORV), to control the spread of raccoon rabies. A total of 1,202 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 337 skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were captured and euthanized using 24,719 trap-nights in the three PR zones around the location of the three rabies cases, near Brockville, Ontario. That represented an 83% to 91% reduction in the raccoon populations in an approximate 225 km 2 area around the three rabies cases. Raccoon density in the PR zones declined from 5.1-7.1/km 2 to 0.6-1.1/km 2 following control. All tested specimens were negative for rabies by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). In addition, 1,759 raccoons and 377 skunks were intramuscularly vaccinated against rabies and released using 27,956 trap-nights in an approximate 485 km 2 TVR zone implemented outside of the PR zones. A total of 856 cats from both PR and TVR areas were also captured, vaccinated and released. Cost for the three PIC operations was $363,000.00 Cdn or about $500.00 Cdn/ km 2 . To further contain the outbreak, about 81,300 baits containing Raboral V-RG oral rabies vaccine were aerially distributed on 8 and 27 September 1999, to create an 8 to 15 km wide buffer zone (1,200 km 2 area) of vaccinated raccoons immediately beyond the PR and TVR zones. This was the first time that V-RG was used in Canada to orally vaccinate free ranging raccoons against rabies. Baiting costs were $241,000.00 Cdn or about $200.00 Cdn/km 2 including post baiting assessment costs. As of 31 August, 2000, thirty-five additional cases (38 in total) of raccoon rabies have occurred in the control and vaccination zones. This number is far below the level of rabies prevalence in USA jurisdictions where raccoon rabies was epizootic. In the future, PIC methodologies will continue to be used in Ontario to contain isolated cases of raccoon rabies.

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Prevention of Lyme Borreliosis

Sood

2011

Lyme Borreliosis in Europe and North America

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Lyme borreliosis is an emerging infectious disease in both the Old and New worlds. The challenge for prevention of this tick-borne infection is greater than with other vector-borne infections because of the complex life cycle of its tick vectors. This can be exploited to decrease transmission to humans at multiple levels. (Hayes and Piesman, 2003). The opportunities for intervention can be divided into three main areas: prevention of tick exposure and of tick bites, prevention of infection after a tick bite, and immunization. Prevention of tick exposure includes the control of ticks and their reservoirs and hosts in nature, by multipronged efforts at landscape management, acaricide application, biological control of ticks, and control of host animals. Tick control and investigations aimed at decreasing the spirochetal burden in nature are discussed briefly in this chapter. For more information the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews, (Hayes

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Efficacy of an Oral Vaccinia-Rabies Glycoprotein Recombinant Vaccine in Controlling Epidemic Raccoon Rabies in New Jersey

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

Bait Ingestion by Free-Ranging Raccoons and Nontarget Species in an Oral Rabies Vaccine Field Trial in Florida

Bait Ingestion by Free-Ranging Raccoons and Nontarget Species in an Oral Rabies Vaccine Field Trial in Florida

Emergency Response to Raccoon Rabies Introduction Into Ontario

Prevention of Lyme Borreliosis

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