Efficacy of Bamlanivimab in Reducing Hospitalization and Mortality Rates in COVID-19 Patients in a Rural Community

Iqbal, Leena; Terlau, Thomas J; Hernandez, Alexander A.; Woods, Kenneth R.

doi:10.7759/cureus.16477

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The COVID variants of interest in the studies included 21C (Epsilon), 20E (EU1), and B.1.1.7 (Alpha). Seven additional studies were identified in January 2023, and these were included in our analysis ( Chilimuri et al, 2022 ; Cooper et al, 2021 ; Iqbal et al, 2021 ; Leavitt et al, 2021 ; Murillo et al, 2022 ; Rainwater-Lovett et al, 2021 ; Rubin et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bamlanivimab alone or in combination with etesevimab on subsequent hospitalization and mortality in outpatients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tai

Lee

Chi

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an enormous loss of life worldwide. The spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of its virulence. Bamlanivimab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody, has been used alone or in combination with etesevimab to provide passive immunity and improve clinical outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of bamlanivimab with or without etesevimab (BAM/ETE) treatment. Methods Our study was registered in PROSPERO (registry number CRD42021270206). We searched the following electronic databases, without language restrictions, until January 2023: PubMed, Embase, medRxiv, and the Cochrane database. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the search results. Results Eighteen publications with a total of 28,577 patients were identified. Non-hospitalized patients given bamlanivimab with or without etesevimab had a significantly lower risk of subsequent hospitalization (18 trials, odds ratio (OR): 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.29–0.49], I2: 69%; p < 0.01) and mortality (15 trials, OR: 0.27, 95% CI [0.17–0.43], I2: 0%; p = 0.85). Bamlanivimab monotherapy also reduced the subsequent risk of hospitalization (16 trials, OR: 0.43, 95% CI [0.34–0.54], I2: 57%; p = 0.01) and mortality (14 trials, OR: 0.28, 95% CI [0.17–0.46], I2: 0%; p = 0.9). Adverse events from these medications were uncommon and tolerable. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, we found the use of bamlanivimab with or without etesevimab contributed to a significantly-reduced risk of subsequent hospitalization and mortality in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, resistance to monoclonal antibodies was observed in COVID-19 variants, resulting in the halting of the clinical use of BAM/ETE. Clinicians’ experiences with BAM/ETE indicate the importance of genomic surveillance. BAM/ETE may be repurposed as a potential component of a cocktail regimen in treating future COVID variants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bamlanivimab alone or in combination with etesevimab on subsequent hospitalization and mortality in outpatients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tai

Lee

Chi

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…After screening of titles and abstracts we excluded 156 studies as these included reviews, commentaries, mechanism research, and irrelevant to COVID‐19. After comprehensively screening 86 full texts and assessment of the risk of bias, only 10 eligible studies were included, three RCTs 8,15,16 and seven observational studies 17–23 (Figure 1). We wrote to all authors requesting unpublished and relevant data on COVID‐19 confirmed participants, but we have received no responses yet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One RCT 8 had four bamlanivimab arms for the doses and one had two dosages. Two studies 17,20,21 did not show the drug's dosing schedule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After comprehensively screening 86 full texts and assessment of the risk of bias, only 10 eligible studies were included, three RCTs 8,15,16 and seven observational studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] (Figure 1). We wrote to all authors requesting unpublished and relevant data on COVID-19 confirmed participants, but we have received no responses yet.…”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab treatment have a better outcome against COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Xiang

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Bamlanivimab is routinely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment in patients with COVID‐19. We searched articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and medRxiv between January 30, 2020 and August 5, 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group to assess the efficiency of bamlanivimab in treating patients with COVID‐19. Our meta‐analysis retrieved three RCTs and seven cohort studies including 14 461 patients. Bmlanivimab may help outpatients to prevent hospitalization or emergency department visits (RR 0.41, 95%CI 0.29−0.58), reduce ICU admission (RR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23−0.92), and mortality (RR 0.32, 95%CI 0.13−0.77) from the disease. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab may have a greater potential for positive treatment outcomes. Bamlanivimab has demonstrated clinical efficacy on mild or moderate ill patients with COVID‐19 to prevent hospitalization, reduce severity, and mortality from the disease. Combinations of bamlanivimab and etesevimab have a significant relative risk reduction for COVID‐related hospitalization or death for patients than the monotherapy 700 mg group. Well‐designed clinical trials to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics in the COVID‐19 patients' population that could benefit from bamlanivimab or plus etesevimab are warranted in the future.

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“…Consequently, numerous pharmaceutical interventions have been proposed to prevent and manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the primary cause of COVID-19[ 2 ]. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including sotrovimab[ 3 ], casirivimab/imdevimab[ 3 , 4 ], cilgavimab/tixagevimab[ 5 ], regdanvimab[ 6 ], bamlanivimab/etesevimab[ 7 ], and bamlanivimab[ 8 ] could be potentially effective in reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. These interventions specifically target the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby, inhibiting its activity[ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Amani,

Khodavirdilou,

Rajabkhah

et al. 2024

World J Virol

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BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical benefits against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). Several studies have reported the use of bamlanivimab as a promising treatment option for COVID-19. AIM To synthesize the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab alone in the treatment of adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar using “SARS‑CoV‑2”, “COVID-19”, “LY-CoV555”, and “Bamlanivimab” keywords up to January 25, 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane bias tools. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 30 studies involving 47368 patients were included. A significant difference was observed between the bamlanivimab and standard of care/placebo groups in terms of mortality rate [risk ratio (RR) = 50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36-0.70], hospitalization rate (RR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.39-0.68), and emergency department (ED) visits (RR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.47-0.99); while the two groups exhibited no significant difference in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (P > 0.05). Compared to other mAbs, bamlanivimab was associated with a higher rate of hospitalization (RR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.07-1.94). However, no significant difference was detected between the bamlanivimab and other mAbs groups in terms of mortality rate, ICU admission, and ED (P > 0.05). The incidence of any adverse events was similar between the bamlanivimab and control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the results suggest the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in COVID-19 patients, further research is required to confirm the efficacy of this drug for the current circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Efficacy of Bamlanivimab in Reducing Hospitalization and Mortality Rates in COVID-19 Patients in a Rural Community

Abstract: Iqbal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of bamlanivimab alone or in combination with etesevimab on subsequent hospitalization and mortality in outpatients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of bamlanivimab alone or in combination with etesevimab on subsequent hospitalization and mortality in outpatients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab treatment have a better outcome against COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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