Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Rhodes, Linda D.; Rathbone, Cindra K.; Corbett, Stephen C.; Harrell, Lee W.; Strom, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2003.08.004

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the current study, however, any antibody response may have been inadequate, as the r-p57 and p57(+) whole-cell R. salmoninarum bacterins failed to elicit protective immunity. Recently, Rhodes et al (2004) tested the efficacy of both live and formalin-inactivated Rs MT239 vaccines for postsmoltification chinook salmon by challenging the fish by IP injection of live Rs 33209. The limited protection that Rhodes et al (2004) described is in contrast to the results of the current study.…”

Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Rhodes et al (2004) tested the efficacy of both live and formalin-inactivated Rs MT239 vaccines for postsmoltification chinook salmon by challenging the fish by IP injection of live Rs 33209. The limited protection that Rhodes et al (2004) described is in contrast to the results of the current study. The differences in protection may have been due to a number of factors including the stock of fish and their life stage.…”

Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences in protection may have been due to a number of factors including the stock of fish and their life stage. Also, Rhodes et al (2004) used a bivalent Vibrio vaccine prior to seawater transfer, a prime-boost vaccination strategy for the MT239 preparations, an IP injection of R. salmoninarum for the challenge, and a chinook salmon population which was already infected with R. salmoninarum.…”

Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Alcorn

Murray²,

Pascho³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The relative efficacies of 1 commercial and 5 experimental vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were compared through a cohabitation waterborne challenge. Groups of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were vaccinated with one of the following: (1) killed Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 (Rs 33209) cells; (2) killed Rs 33209 cells which had been heated to 37°C for 48 h, a process that destroys the p57 protein; (3) killed R. salmoninarum MT239 (Rs MT239) cells; (4) heated Rs MT239 cells; (5) a recombinant version of the p57 protein (r-p57) emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA); (6) the commercial BKD vaccine Renogen; (7) phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) emulsified with an equal volume of FIA; or (8) PBS alone. Following injection, each fish was marked with a subcutaneous fluorescent latex tag denoting its treatment group and the vaccinated fish were combined into sham and disease challenge tanks. Two weeks after these fish were vaccinated, separate groups of fish were injected with either PBS or live R. salmoninarum GL64 and were placed inside coated-wire mesh cylinders (liveboxes) in the sham and disease challenge tanks, respectively. Mortalities in both tanks were recorded for 285 d. Any mortalities among the livebox fish were replaced with an appropriate cohort (infected with R. salmoninarum or healthy) fish. None of the bacterins evaluated in this study induced protective immunity against the R. salmoninarum shed from the infected livebox fish. The percentage survival within the test groups in the R. salmoninarum challenge tank ranged from 59% (heated Rs MT239 bacterin) to 81% (PBS emulsified with FIA). There were no differences in the percentage survival among the PBS-, PBS/FIA-, r-p57-and Renogen-injected groups. There also were no differences in survival among the bacterin groups, regardless of whether the bacterial cells had been heated or left untreated prior to injection.

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Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Alcorn

Murray²,

Pascho³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Although treatment with erythromycin may result in short-term health improvement, it often fails to eliminate the pathogen from the host and clinical signs may return after treatment ends (Wolf & Dunbar 1959). Vaccines currently available to prevent BKD in Pacific salmonids confer only limited protection (Rhodes et al 2004), and there is a clear need for alternative chemotherapeutants, particularly in captively reared endangered stocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Fairgrieve

Masada²,

McAuley³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were fed practical diets medicated with azithromycin (30 mg kg -1 fish for 14 d) or erythromycin (100 mg kg -1 fish for 28 d) either 1, 2, or 3 times beginning 14 d after initiation of exogenous feeding (February) and ending at smoltification (June). Average tissue concentrations of azithromycin increased from 19.0 µg g -1 in fry to 44.9 µg g -1 in smolts, and persisted in the tissues > 76 d after treatment ceased. Tissue concentrations of erythromycin were comparatively low, ranging from 0.2 µg g -1 in fry to 10.4 µg g -1 in smolts. Erythromycin was not detectable 21 d post-treatment. Neither antibiotic caused histopathologically significant lesions in the trunk kidney or other organ tissues. The high tissue concentrations and prolonged retention of azithromycin in Chinook may be factors that increase the efficacy of the antibiotic against Renibacterium salmoninarum, compared with erythromycin, particularly in early life history stages before covertly infected fish show clinical signs of disease. KEY WORDS: Macrolide pharmacokinetics · Bacterial kidney disease · Juvenile · Chinook salmon Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 64: [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] 2005 activity against R. salmoninarum (Fryer 1987) and has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in experimentally infected juvenile salmonids (Strom et al. 2000).The improved pharmacokinetic profile, broad spectrum of activity, and superior performance in controlling facultative intracellular pathogens make azithromycin an important antimicrobial drug to test for its ability to control Renibacterium salmoninarum. Although patterns of erythromycin accumulation and depletion in yearling Chinook salmon have been previously evaluated (Moffitt & Schreck 1988), the pharmacokinetic behavior of azithromycin in fish is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the uptake, retention and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and azithromycin by fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during the first feeding to smolt stage. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental fish and husbandry. In January 1999, unfed fall Chinook salmon fry (initial weight 0.42 g) obtained from the University of Washington research hatchery located at Big Beef Creek, Seabeck, WA, were counted into samples of 25 fish and distributed sequentially to 14 tanks until each contained 225 fish. The experiment was conducted in 1.83 m diameter (1250 l) circular polyethylene tanks. Temperature (10°C) and flow (10 l min -1 ) were held constant throughout the experiment. Natural photoperiod was simulated in the laboratory with 2 levels of incandescent lighting, and adjustments in day length were made daily.The fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 14 d, and fed to apparent satiation 4 to 6 times daily with a semi-moist starter diet (BioOregon starter diet, BioOregon). Thereafter, a growth model based on the delta-l method (Butterbaugh & Willoughby 1967) was used to ca...

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“…injection trial, infection was already established in every fish tested at the first sampling 2 wk post-injection. Intraperitoneal injection is a widely used, standardized and fast infection method (Jones & Moffitt 2004, Rhodes et al 2004, Coady et al 2006, Jones et al 2007, Jansson et al 2008 many factors, such as strain of bacteria, method of cultivation, conditions in aquaria, different fish species and sizes, may influence the results obtained. R. salmoninarum was isolated from all samples at Week 2 and 75% of samples at Week 7, but there were no bacterial isolations at Weeks 25 and 34.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental challenges with Renibacterium salmoninarum in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Guðmundsdóttir

Kristmundsson²,

Árnason³

2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Experimental challenges with Renibacterium salmoninarum in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

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