Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Deng, Jiawen; Zhou, Fangwen; Heybati, Kiyan; Ali, Saif; Zuo, Qi; Hou, Wenteng; Dhivagaran, Thanansayan; Ramaraju, Harikrishnaa Ba; Chang, Oswin; Wong, Chi Yi; Silver, Zachary

doi:10.2217/fvl-2021-0119

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…5 Some studies revealed its effectiveness in preventing thromboembolic events. 6 Conversely, several previous studies, as reviewed in a recent review, 7 revealed inconsistent anti-COVID-19 effects of HCQ, and no convincing efficacy was recorded in the majority of retrospective and observational trials. [8][9][10] HCQ is an anti-malarial drug used extensively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because of its immunomodulatory effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort

et al. 2022

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Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of its reported anti-viral activity. This study examined the association of chronic HCQ use with the incidence and complications of COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus who visited rheumatology clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2019 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups based on HCQ use. Data were obtained from the electronic health record and by interviews with patients. The primary study objective was the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications from March 2020 to February 2021. Results Almost 11% of the study cohort was positive for COVID-19, and the incidence of COVID-19 was similar between HCQ users (11.11%) and nonusers (10.86%). Disease complication rates were similar in the study arms, and they mainly included fever, dry cough, fatigue, and breathing difficulty. Conclusions This study revealed no significant association between chronic HCQ use and the incidence of COVID-19, and disease complications were similar in the study arms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort

et al. 2022

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“…Chloroquine, on the other hand, did not had any effects on gap junctional communication [67,68]. Since the start of this study, new drugs and/or their combinations were authorized by the European Medicines Agency to treat COVID-19, since the formerly proposed drugs did not show the desired effects or were causing adverse effects [69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. In the new list of seven compounds authorized for COVID-19 treatment in European Union (anakinra, PF-07321332/ritonavir, remdesivir, regdanvimab, tocilizumab, casirivimab/imdevimab, and sotovimab), four compounds (regdanvimab, tocilizumab, casirivimab/imdevimab, and sotovimab) are monoclonal antibodies directed against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels

Cooreman

Caufriez

Tabernilla

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels form a pathway for cellular communication between the cell and its extracellular environment. Under pathological conditions, Cx43 hemichannels release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which triggers inflammation. Over the past two years, azithromycin, chloroquine, dexamethasone, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, and ritonavir have been proposed as drugs for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with prominent systemic inflammation. The current study aimed to investigate if Cx43 hemichannels, being key players in inflammation, could be affected by these drugs which were formerly designated as COVID-19 drugs. For this purpose, Cx43-transduced cells were exposed to these drugs. The effects on Cx43 hemichannel activity were assessed by measuring extracellular ATP release, while the effects at the transcriptional and translational levels were monitored by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Exposure to lopinavir and ritonavir combined (4:1 ratio), as well as to remdesivir, reduced Cx43 mRNA levels. None of the tested drugs affected Cx43 protein expression.

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“…These individuals viewed social distancing and mask wearing as curtailing their freedom, argued that vaccination should be a matter of individual choice, and expressed mistrust in science, especially public health. HCW had to treat patients who rejected pleas to get vaccinated, and those who demanded treatment by medications like Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin, even though well-designed studies found them ineffective (Deng et al, 2022; Garegnani et al, 2022). HCW felt duty bound to treat all patients alike, but as one internal medicine doctor told me, this situation is worse than treating addicted smokers for cancer.…”

Section: From Idioms To Distress To Moral Distress In the Time Of Cov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From idioms of distress, concern, and care to moral distress leading to moral injury in the time of Covid

Nichter

2022

Transcult Psychiatry

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In this invited commentary on the thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry on idioms of distress, concern, and care, I provide a brief overview of how my research agenda evolved over the years while conducting community and clinic-based research in South and Southeast Asia as well as North America. I then suggest areas where future research on idioms of distress, concern, care, and resilience will be needed among different demographics given social change and shifts in how we communicate face to face and in virtual reality, the impact of medicalization, pharmaceuticalization and bracket creep, changes in indigenous healing systems, and hybridization. I further call attention to the importance of conducting idioms guided research in occupational settings. Toward this end I highlight the moral distress health care workers in the U.S. have experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic and point out the importance of differentiating individual burnout from moral injury related to structural distress. I conclude by discussing the general utility of an idioms of distress perspective in the practice of cultural psychiatry and suggest that this perspective needs to be included in the training of all practitioners regardless of the system of medicine they practice. Doing so may enable the formation of mental health communities of practice in contexts where there are pluralistic health care arenas.

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Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 165 publications

Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort

Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort

Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels

From idioms of distress, concern, and care to moral distress leading to moral injury in the time of Covid

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