Efficacy of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants against Mycoplasma bovis

Mahdizadeh, Sara; Sawford, Kate; Andel, Mary van; Browning, Glenn F.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108630

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results showed that the acceptance criterion for an effective disinfectant of 10 6 fold reduction in the M. bovis viability was met for 0.5% citric acid and 1% sodium hypochlorite in the presence of organic material. However, in the absence of organic material, a 10 6 fold reduction in the M. bovis viability was observed for 0.25% citric acid and 0.04% sodium hypochlorite [ 86 ]. In another study, the efficacy of five different classes of teat dips were tested against M. bovis in the context of their use in maintaining pre- and post-milking hygiene and preventing M. bovis mastitis.…”

Section: Control—recommendations For M Bovis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis Infections—Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma bovis is a cause of bronchopneumonia, mastitis and arthritis but may also affect other main organs in cattle such us the eye, ear or brain. Despite its non-zoonotic character, M. bovis infections are responsible for substantial economic health and welfare problems worldwide. M. bovis has spread worldwide, including to countries for a long time considered free of the pathogen. Control of M. bovis infections is hampered by a lack of effective vaccines and treatments due to increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the latest data on the epizootic situation of M. bovis infections and new sources/routes of transmission of the infection, and discusses the progress in diagnostics. The review includes various recommendations and suggestions which could be applied to infection control programs.

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Section: Control—recommendations For M Bovis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis Infections—Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control

et al. 2020

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“…The presence of citric acid, another abundant compound in the postbiotic evaluated, may also be related to the reduction in the number of viable bacteria and is considered a safe disinfectant. A study conducted evaluated the effectiveness of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants against the bacteria Mycoplasma bovis; this study demonstrated that a concentration of 0.5% citric acid significantly reduces the infectivity of such bacteria [29]. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of using citric acid, which occurs through membrane damage and loss of viability, at concentrations of 1% and 10% at pH 9.5 on E. coli and K. aerogenes was shown in another study [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical Characterization and Effect of a Lactobacilli-Postbiotic on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm In Vitro

Santana,

Quelemes,

da Silva Neta

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Postbiotic is the term used to define the soluble factors, metabolic products, or byproducts released by live probiotic bacteria or after its lysis. The objective of this study was to carry out the chemical characterization of the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR-32 and to evaluate its in vitro effect on the development of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm. After the cultivation of the probiotic strain, the postbiotic was extracted by centrifuging the culture and filtering the supernatant. This postbiotic was characterized by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and then it was used to determine the growth inhibition of S. mutans in its planktonic form; additionally, its effects on the following parameters in 48 h biofilm were evaluated: viable bacteria, dry weight, and gene expression of glucosyltransferases and VicR gene. The control group consisted of the biofilm without any treatment. A paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis, with the p-value set at 5%. Seventeen compounds of various chemical classes were identified in the postbiotic, including sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and acids. The treatment with the postbiotic led to an inhibition of the growth of S. mutans in its planktonic form, as well as a decrease in the number of viable bacteria, reduction in dry weight, and a negative regulation of the gene expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and vicR in its biofilm state, compared with the nontreated group (p < 0.05). The postbiotic of L. rhamnosus impaired the development of S. mutans biofilm.

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“…preservatives and organic acids) that can have antimicrobial activity. For instance, citric acid (present in gel 7) can substantially increase viricidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitisers (13) and it has also antibacterial activity (14). Overall, although ingredients other than alcohol can have an adjuvant antimicrobial effect, safe hand disinfection should rely exclusively on alcohol content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Commercial Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: Are We Getting the Products that We Need?

et al. 2020

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The CoViD-19 pandemic has caused a sudden spike in demand and production of hand sanitisers. Concerns are rising regarding the quality of such products, as the safeguard of consumers is a priority worldwide. We analyse here the ethanolic content of seven off-the-shelf hand sanitiser gels (two biocides and five cosmetics) from the Italian market, using gas chromatography. The WHO recommends that products containing ethanol should have 60-95% (v/v) alcohol. Four of the tested hand gels have ethanolic contents within the recommended range, while three products (all cosmetics) contain < 60% (v/v), i.e. 52.1% (w/w), ethanol. The product with the lowest alcoholic content has 37.1% w/w ethanol. Toxic methanol is not found in any of the hand sanitisers. We show, in addition, that products with the highest ethanolic content have generally greater antibacterial activity. In conclusion, all tested products are complying with the EU regulations, as the three "substandard" products are classified as cosmetics, whose purpose is cleaning and not disinfecting. Nevertheless, if such hand cleaners were inappropriately used as hand disinfectants, they might be ineffective. Thus, consumer safety relays on awareness and ability to distinguish between biocidal and cosmetics hand gels. The obtained results might sensitise the scientific community, health agencies and ultimately consumers towards the risks of using hand sanitisers of substandard alcoholic concentration. If the wrong product is chosen by consumers, public health can be compromised by the inappropriate use of "low-dosed" cosmetic gels as disinfectants, particularly during the period of the CoViD-19 pandemic.

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Efficacy of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants against Mycoplasma bovis

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Mycoplasma bovis Infections—Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control

Mycoplasma bovis Infections—Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control

Chemical Characterization and Effect of a Lactobacilli-Postbiotic on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm In Vitro

Analysis of Commercial Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: Are We Getting the Products that We Need?

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