Efficacy of commercial polyvalent avian infectious bronchitis vaccines against Chinese QX-like and TW-like strain via different vaccination strategies

Abstract

The infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) is an acute and highly contagious disease, which affects chickens of all ages. Vaccination is the most important way to control this disease. Nevertheless, novel variant strains are constantly reported because of the lack of proofreading capabilities of RNA polymerase and high frequency of homologous RNA recombination. Cross-protection studies has demonstrated that the vaccines could provide great protective effects against viruses of same serotype or genotype. However, the protective effect of different commercial vaccines and vaccine combinations against the prevalent IBV strains in China has rarely been studied. Owing to the multiple genotype or serotype IBV strains prevalence in China, the polyvalent vaccines and their composition were used to expanding the protection spectrum of vaccine in practical application. To evaluate the protection of Chinese commercial IBV polyvalent vaccines against prevalent strains (QX-like and TW I-like), an immune challenge test was conducted. Four polyvalent vaccines, containing 4/91, H120, YX10p90, LDT3-A, and 28/86, were combined to form 8 vaccination strategies, almost all of which could provide more than 70% protection effects against challenge with QX-like strain. Particularly, the best protection rate (93%) was generated by administration the polyvalent vaccine C (H120 + 28/86 + 4/91) at 1 D of age and the polyvalent vaccine B (H120 + 4/91 + YX10p90) at 10 D of age. However, all the vaccination strategies in this study cannot provide great protective effects against TW-like strain, and more vaccines should be included in studies to expand the protection spectrum of vaccine. Therefore, for the newly emerging IBV strains, immunization with polyvalent vaccines via different vaccination strategies could be used to control the prevalence of IBV in a short time, whereas developing the homologous vaccines was not always necessary.

Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy

“…The current approach to commercial vaccination typically takes the form of immunization with two antigenically diverse IBV variants selectively complemented with an inactivated vaccine for layers [138]. Commercial IBV vaccines are generally administered early in life starting with day-old chicks [136].…”

Effect of monovalent and bivalent live attenuated vaccines against QX-like IBV infection in young chickens

“…Several alternative options have been applied to provide broad protection against variant IBV strains, including recombinant vaccine ( Li et al, 2016 ), nanoparticle-based vaccine ( Li et al, 2018 ), epitope-based vaccines ( Qin et al, 2021 ), etc., but they have yet to be administrated with mass hatchery application. In addition, considering multi-monovalent live attenuated vaccines, though several research showed efficacy in control different IBV strains in a laboratory scale ( Shao et al, 2020 ; Abdel-Sabour et al, 2021 ), it still raises many issues including the frequency of combination among field and vaccine strains ( Bali et al, 2021 ). Therefore, proper selection of the vaccine and vaccination strategy is highly important to control the disease in the field.…”

The Novelty of mRNA Vaccines and Potential Harms: A Scoping Review

“…In IBV, suboptimal vaccination alters the evolutionary dynamics of the viruses and can contribute to the production of escape mutants [122][123][124]. Finding broadly neutralizing IBV vaccines remains a significant challenge for the poultry industry [125][126][127][128][129].…”