Efficacy of constant load verification testing to confirm <scp>VO</scp><sub>2</sub>max attainment

Astorino, Todd A.; DeRevere, Jamie

doi:10.1111/cpf.12474

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The results of the present study partially agree with those of Astorino [20]. Study number two in the Astorino [20] paper found a significant test x gender interaction where the males had a higher VO 2max on the incremental test compared to the supramaximal VP and the females did not. Conversely, study number one showed no test x gender effect but overall showed a significantly higher VO 2max in the incremental compared to the VP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some individuals may reach exhaustion in less than 2 min during supramaximal VPs, which may not be enough time to elicit VO 2max [19]. A recent study using data from 109 subjects found supramaximal VPs to elicit a significantly lower mean VO 2max compared to the GXT [20]. Theoretically, any work rate that falls in the severe domain should lead to exhaustion with VO 2max attainment [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Sawyer

McMahon

Thornhill

et al. 2020

Sports

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This study was designed to determine the optimal intensity for verification phase testing (VP) in healthy, young adults. Thirty one young, active participants (16 females) completed a cycle ergometer graded exercise test (GXT) VO2max test and 4 VP tests at 80, 90, 100, and 105% of the maximum wattage achieved during the GXT. GXT and VP VO2max values showed a significant test x sex interaction (p = 0.02). The males elicited significantly higher VO2max values during the GXT, 80%, and 90% when compared to the 105%, (105 vs. GXT: p = 0.05; 105% vs. 80%: p < 0.01; 105% vs. 90%: p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in VO2max across the tests in the females (p > 0.05); 80% of the males achieved their highest VP VO2max during a submaximal VP test compared to only 37.5% of the females. A secondary study conducted showed excellent reliability (ICCs > 0.90) and low variation (CVs < 3%) for the 90% VP. Our findings show that a submaximal verification phase intensity is ideal for young healthy males to elicit the highest VO2max during cycle ergometer testing. For females, a range of intensities (80–105%) produce similar VO2max values. However, the 80% VP yields an unnecessarily high time to exhaustion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Sawyer

McMahon

Thornhill

et al. 2020

Sports

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“…Nevertheless, in this study, VerT was conducted after only 8 minutes of active recovery (ie, 30% peak work rate) and carry over fatigue from GXT may explain the results. Recent studies showed a tendency of the less fit subjects to increase more

{\overset{V}{true} normalO}_{2}

during the VerT. However, in our data the magnitude of

{\overset{V}{true} normalO}_{2}

increase during VerT above GXT was not related to the absolute

{\dot{normalV} O}_{2} max

of the individual (Bland‐Altman correlation R = −0.07; Figure ).…”

Section: Perspectivecontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…This bias is lower than the one reported by Bhammar et al, (ie, 118 mLO 2 ·min −1 ) but higher than Sawyer et al, (ie, 40 mLO 2 ·min −1 ). Astorino and DeRevere in active young adults reported negative bias (−54 and −41 mL·min −1 ), indicating that VerT could underestimate GXT

{\dot{normalV} O}_{2} max

. Nevertheless, in this study, VerT was conducted after only 8 minutes of active recovery (ie, 30% peak work rate) and carry over fatigue from GXT may explain the results.…”

Section: Perspectivecontrasting

confidence: 52%

Importance of a verification test to accurately assess V̇O₂max in unfit individuals with obesity

Moreno‐Cabañas

Ortega

Morales-Palomo

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Background To determine the trustworthiness of graded exercise test to exhaustion (GXT) to assess maximal oxygen uptake (normalV˙O2max) in metabolic syndrome individuals with obesity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods normalV˙O2max was assessed in 100 metabolic syndrome adults (57 ± 8 years; 34% women), with obesity (BMI 32 ± 5 kg·m−2) using GXT followed by supramaximal constant‐load verification test (VerT) at 110% of maximal GXT work rate. trueV˙normalO2 data from GXT and VerT were compared using paired t test and plotted for Bland‐Altman analysis. GXT sensitivity and specificity to detect normalV˙O2max were also calculated. Results Seventy individuals did not achieve trueV˙normalO2 plateau during GXT. GXT underestimated normalV˙O2max in 40 subjects. In these subjects, the magnitude of normalV˙O2max underestimation with GXT was 9% (167 mLO2·min−1; P < .001). In the whole sample (n = 100), bias error differences between GXT and VerT was 63 mLO2·min−1 (3% underestimation). This error was constant regardless of differences in fitness levels among individuals (R = −0.07; homoscedasticity). GXT results were unreliable in 62% of the sample with 16% of false‐positive and 46% of false‐negative results. Sensitivity and specificity of GTX to assess normalV˙O2max were low (ie, 23% and 60%, respectively). Conclusion Our data indicate that the magnitude (3%‐9%) and prevalence (40% of subjects) of normalV˙O2max underestimation with the use of a GXT alone is high in a large sample of unfit metabolic syndrome individuals with obesity. Our data advocate for the need of using VerT after GXT to avoid significant cardiorespiratory fitness underestimation in metabolic syndrome individuals with obesity and low fitness level.

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“…First, in contrast to many authors we chose a verification bout with supra-peak load, because using a submaximal load [30][31][32] do not correspond to the idea that a _ VO 2 -plateau can be provoked by a verification bout, as previously highlighted [3,8]. Second, many previous authors [20,30,[32][33][34] compared the verification-_ VO 2 and ramp-_ VO 2 on a group level and concluded that the verification was successful because there were no significant differences on a group level between the two _ VO 2 values. Obviously not group averages need to be compared with each other, but the two _ VO 2 values from each subject to define for each individual if _ VO 2 max was verified.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Verification-phase tests show low reliability and add little value in determining V̇O2max in young trained adults

et al. 2021

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Objective This study compared the robustness of a V˙O2-plateau definition and a verification-phase protocol to day-to-day and diurnal variations in determining the true V˙O2max. Further, the additional value of a verification-phase was investigated. Methods Eighteen adults performed six cardiorespiratory fitness tests at six different times of the day (diurnal variation) as well as a seventh test at the same time the sixth test took place (day-to-day variation). A verification-phase was performed immediately after each test, with a stepwise increase in intensity to 50%, 70%, and 105% of the peak power output. Results Participants mean V˙O2peak was 56 ± 8 mL/kg/min. Gwet’s AC1 values (95% confidence intervals) for the day-to-day and diurnal variations were 0.64 (0.22, 1.00) and 0.71 (0.42, 0.99) for V˙O2-plateau and for the verification-phase 0.69 (0.31, 1.00) and 0.07 (−0.38, 0.52), respectively. In 66% of the tests, performing the verification-phase added no value, while, in 32% and 2%, it added uncertain value and certain value, respectively, in the determination of V˙O2max. Conclusion Compared to V˙O2-plateau the verification-phase shows lower reliability, increases costs and only adds certain value in 2% of cases.

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Efficacy of constant load verification testing to confirm VO₂max attainment

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Importance of a verification test to accurately assess V̇O₂max in unfit individuals with obesity

Verification-phase tests show low reliability and add little value in determining V̇O2max in young trained adults

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Efficacy of constant load verification testing to confirm VO2max attainment

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO2max in Males and Females

Importance of a verification test to accurately assess V̇O2max in unfit individuals with obesity

Verification-phase tests show low reliability and add little value in determining V̇O2max in young trained adults

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Efficacy of constant load verification testing to confirm VO₂max attainment

Importance of a verification test to accurately assess V̇O₂max in unfit individuals with obesity