Efficacy of different treatment regimes against setariosis (Setaria tundra, Nematoda: Filarioidea) and associated peritonitis in reindeer

Laaksonen, Sauli; Oksanen, Antti; Orro, Toomas; Norberg, Harri; Nieminen, Mauri; Sukura, Antti

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-50-49

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ivermectin has been used to treat both arthropod and nematode parasites of reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) since the early 1980s [ 3 , 4 ] with as many as 80% of the overwintering reindeer in Finland treated once yearly [ 5 ]. The only ivermectin preparation registered for administration to reindeer in any Fennoscandian country is injectable (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOverwintering (breeding) reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are commonly treated with ivermectin against parasitic infestations once yearly in autumn-winter roundups. The only preparations registered to reindeer are those for subcutaneous injection. However, also oral extra-label ivermectin administration is used. Twenty-six, 8-month-old reindeer calves were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 (n = 9) received oral ivermectin mixture (Ivomec® vet mixt. 0.8 mg/ml, oral ovine liquid drench formulation), Group 2 (n = 9) oral ivermectin paste (Ivomec® vet 18.7 mg/g equine paste), and Group 3 (n = 8) subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (Ivomec® 10 mg/ml vet inj.), each group at a dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at treatment and at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 post treatment. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.ResultsThe peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was reached by 2 days after each treatment. The Cmax and Area Under Curve (AUC) differed significantly between the groups: Cmax was 30.2 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 5.7 and 63.1 ± 13.1 ng/ml, and AUC∞ was 2881 ± 462, 1299 ± 342 and 6718 ± 1620 ng*h/ml for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (mean ± standard deviation).ConclusionsThe differences in plasma concentrations of ivermectin are concomitant with earlier observed differences in antiparasitic efficacy, which discounts the use of the equine paste in reindeer in favour of the oral ovine liquid drench formulation, or preferably, the reindeer-registered subcutaneous injection formulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

et al. 2014

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“…Ivermectin was administered preoperatively because no anthelmentics were given to the present horse. The incidence of the intraocular filarial nematode may be minimized by treatment with ivermectin at a dose of 200-300 micrograms/kg given orally (Mohammad and Saquib, 2007;Laaksonen et al, 2008). Recovery of the corneal opacity may vary after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study on needling technique as a treatment for ocular setariasis in eye of a horse

Rahman

Rana

Tanvir

et al. 2017

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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A 2.5 year old male horse was presented to Teaching Veterinary Hospital, VCRI, Namakkal, India with the history of lacrimation, impaired vision and progressive corneal opacity in left eye. Clinical examination revealed movement of a thread like worm in the anterior chamber of the eye. For removal of the worm, affected eye was prepared for surgery by deep sedation with xylazine hydrochloride. Then general anaesthesia was done with Ketamine hydrochloride and maintained by isoflurane. After induction, worm was removed by needling technique. Topical antibiotic and steroid were administered postoperatively to check secondary bacterial infection and corneal opacity. After surgery, the vision was restored and corneal opacity was reduced gradually. Morphologically, the worm was identified as Setaria spp. This is a common case in India due to vector prevalence.

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“…Endectocidic antiparasitic treatment is widely and routinely used annually in Finnish reindeer herding management when about 80% of the breeding reindeer are treated with ivermectin during late autumn round-ups or when animals are corralled during early winter [ 35 ]. Ivermectin was not efficient against adult R. andersoni parasites although it temporarily cleared rmf from blood circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lymphatic dwelling filarioid nematode, Rumenfilaria andersoni (Filarioidea; Splendidofilariinae), is an emerging parasite in Finnish cervids

Laaksonen

Oksanen

Hoberg³

2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundRecent studies revealed expansion of filarioid nematodes into northern Finland. In addition to Setaria tundra, an abundant filarioid, Rumenfilaria andersoni, was found inhabiting the lymphatic vessels of reindeer. Our study explores the dynamics of the rapid geographic expansion of R. andersoni, defining prevalence and density of microfilariae among 4 new cervid host species in Finland while developing a context for host-parasite ecology in Fennoscandia and more broadly in the Arctic and boreal regions.MethodsBlood samples were evaluated for presence of microfilariae from 1576 semi-domesticated reindeer, 8 captive reindeer, and free-ranging cervids including 105 wild forest reindeer, 862 moose, 114 white tailed deer and 73 roe deer in 2003–2006 (−2010). Additionally, the prepatent period and the efficacy of ivermectin treatment were investigated.ResultsRumenfilaria andersoni was found to be a common and abundant parasite in reindeer (0-90%) and wild forest reindeer (41-100%). Also moose (0-12%), white-tailed deer (15-22%) and roe deer (3%) were revealed as definitive hosts. Ivermectin was not effective against adult parasites. The prepatent period was estimated to be about five months.ConclusionsRumenfilaria andersoni was identified in 3 endemic cervid species and the introduced white-tailed deer, all constituting previously unrecognized host species in the Palearctic. Among moose, the prevalence and intensity were substantially lower than levels observed among subspecies of reindeer. White-tailed deer had a relatively high prevalence and density of R. andersoni microfilariae (rmf), whereas our limited data for roe deer indicated that the nematode may not have been abundant. Density and prevalence of rmf in moose and white tailed deer suggests the nematode may be adapted to these species, and that these cervids may be among the primary hosts of R. andersoni and reservoirs for transmission in Finland. Our current data suggest that R. andersoni became established in Finland recently, coincidental with introduction of white-tailed deer from North America in 1935; subsequent invasion and emergence in the past 70–80 years appears driven by climate-related factors. An alternative hypothesis for a temporally deeper occurrence for R. andersoni in Fennoscandia, representing post-Pleistocene range expansion with moose tracking deglaciation, is not firmly supported.

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Efficacy of different treatment regimes against setariosis (Setaria tundra, Nematoda: Filarioidea) and associated peritonitis in reindeer

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

A case study on needling technique as a treatment for ocular setariasis in eye of a horse

A lymphatic dwelling filarioid nematode, Rumenfilaria andersoni (Filarioidea; Splendidofilariinae), is an emerging parasite in Finnish cervids

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