Efficacy of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Evaluation of Biomechanical Properties: Bone Mineral Density and Actual Bone Strength

Abstract

IntroductionBone mineral density (BMD) is an important index in diagnosis of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases, prediction of fractures, and monitoring treatment. This study was to find a more feasible technique for prediction of osteoporotic fracture between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and to reveal the actual change of bone strength when BMD was changed.MethodsTen of these 20 specimens were used as the demineralized group and the other 10 as the control. Each specimen was immersed in HCl solution at for a period of at least 10 minutes, up to 100 minutes, at an interval of 10 minutes for different levels of demineralization. BMD was measured using DXA and QCT. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to measure biomechanical parameters. Pearson correlation analysis was used respectively between BMD and biomechanical parameters and between DXA and QCT.ResultsElastic modulus (r=0.87) and yield stress (r=0.84) showed a statistically significant correlation with DXA BMD. Through correlation analysis with QCT BMD and elastic modulus, correlation coefficient showed hemi-vertebra (r=0.80) and trabecular (r=0.68). In yield stress, there was a statistically significant correlation in hemi-vertebra (r=0.87) and trabecular bone (r=0.84).ConclusionDXA is a current standard technique not only for diagnosis of osteoporosis but also for prediction of fracture risk compared to QCT. Actual decrease of bone strength was much greater than that of BMD by both DXA and QCT.

Correlative Analysis of Vertebral Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Mechanical Properties

“…As previously described [14,27], BMD was strongly correlated with both quantitative mechanical variables i.e. failure load and stress.…”

Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone

“…Many papers in the literature reported the apparent modulus as Young’s modulus. 3 - 5 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 20 - 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 - 33 , 37 , 40 - 42 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 50 - 53 , 55 , 57 - 71 , 73 - 84 , 86 - 100 , 102 - 124 , 126 - 137 , 139 , 140 , 142 - 148 , 150 , 151 , 153 - 159 , 161 - 164 , 166 - 168 , 176 -…”

The Protective Effect of Amphimas pterocarpoides Plant Extract on Bone Mineral Density and Strength in Estrogen Deficient Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

“…The discrepancy observed in the time effect of ovariectomy on bone density in the total tibial, is explained by the late effect of estrogen deficiency on cortical bone, requiring at least 3 to 4 months time before changes become obvious [14,18]. The occurrence of a fracture depends not only on bone mass and density but also on bone structure and architecture [18,23,24]. Biomechanical analysis is a reliable way to evaluate bone quality through studying the mechanical properties of bone tissue under external action and give us valuable knowledge regarding the integrity of bone function [16].…”

“…Biomechanical analysis is a reliable way to evaluate bone quality through studying the mechanical properties of bone tissue under external action and give us valuable knowledge regarding the integrity of bone function [16]. Furthermore, biomechanics allow us to identify the biological effects of bone under force or stress [23]. Previous studies have proved that although low bone mass in osteoporotic bones is a major risk factor for the occurrence of a fracture, the presence of adequate trabecular microstructure can preserve the biomechanical properties of the bone [25,26].…”