Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga

Abstract

Chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae), is the most serious pest of Chinese chive, Allium tuberosum. The present study aimed at determining the biocontrol potential of different indigenous entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolates for the management of chive gnat in China. The virulence of 145 EPN isolates belonging to 13 species against B. odoriphaga was evaluated in the laboratory, and then the most promising isolates (Steinernema ceratophorum HQA-87; S. hebeiense JY-82; S. feltiae JY-90, JY-17; S. litorale HXY-68; Heterorhabditis indica ZZ-68; H. bacteriophora NY-63, HQ-94; and H. megidis LFS-10) were selected for further experiments. The mortality of fourth instar B. odoriphaga was significantly affected by nematode isolates and concentrations of infective juveniles (IJ). Third and fourth instars of B. odoriphaga were generally more susceptible to the nematodes than first and second instars and pupae. Pot experiments showed no differences in B. odoriphaga population reduction at 50 and 75 IJ/cm(2) of different isolates; the tested isolates caused a 78-94 % reduction of the chive gnat population at an application rate of 75 IJ/cm(2). In a field experiment, S. feltiae JY-90 generated the strongest pest suppression 14 days after EPN application, whereas after 28 days pest densities in the plots treated with S. feltiae JY-17 and S. hebeiense JY-82 were similar to those in plots treated with phoxim and yielded significant reductions of the B. odoriphaga populations. Our findings indicate that EPN may have good potential for use in the integrated management of B. odoriphaga populations in Chinese chive

Identification of a novel cytochrome P450 CYP3356A1 linked with insecticide detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga

“…Generally, applying insecticides, such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos and β‐cypermethrin, is the main method of pest control in Chinese chives . Yield losses for Chinese chive could reach > 50% in the absence of insecticide protection against B. odoriphaga …”

“…22,35 Yield losses for Chinese chive could reach > 50% in the absence of insecticide protection against B. odoriphaga. 36 However, insecticide resistance has occurred in B. odoriphaga in recent years. In a previous study, we collected eight field populations of B. odoriphaga to evaluate its resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, -cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos.…”

Dissipation dynamics of clothianidin and its control efficacy against Bradysia odoriphaga Yang and Zhang in Chinese chive ecosystems

“…6 One of the most prevalent management practices against B. odoriphaga is the application of chemical insecticides, such as organophosphates, carbamates and neonicotinoids, in China and elsewhere. 12 Chemigation was a traditional method to control this pest and needed a mass of pesticides (30 kg AI ha −1 in some places) because of the dilution effects of water and soil on pesticides, 13 but this did not achieve satisfactory control effects for this pest, and the excessive use of chemical insecticides resulted in pesticide residues.…”

Proteomic profile of the Bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole

“…A major factor restricting Chinese chive production is the chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)34. The larvae feed on the roots and bulbs of chives, making it difficult to control them using common strategies, and cause more than 50% of production losses in the absence of insecticidal protection3.…”

“…A major factor restricting Chinese chive production is the chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)34. The larvae feed on the roots and bulbs of chives, making it difficult to control them using common strategies, and cause more than 50% of production losses in the absence of insecticidal protection3. One of the most prevalent management practices for controlling B. odoriphaga is the application of synthetic insecticides (such as organophosphates, carbamates, and neonicotinoids) in China and elsewhere5.…”