Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia during the transport of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen

Abstract

This study evaluated extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetics for the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The effectiveness of eugenol and of the methanolic extract (ME) of C. buxifolia during the transport of this species was also assessed. Fish of two different weights (1.50±0.02 g and 165.70±22.50 g) were transferred to aquaria containing water with the C. buxifolia ME or with fractions obtained from the ME, such as the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butane and aqueous fractions, at concentrations from 0-300 μL L C. buxifolia ME. The non-ionized ammonia levels were lower at the end of transport in the groups with the compounds than in that with water alone. Moreover, both compounds decreased the Na + , Cl -, and K + net effluxes; therefore, their addition to the water during transport is advisable because they reduce fish mortality and ion loss.Este estudo investigou extratos de Condalia buxifolia como anestésico para jundiá Rhamdia quelen, e também a eficiência do eugenol e do extrato metanólico (EM) de C. buxifolia para utilização durante o transporte dessa espécie. Peixes de dois diferentes pesos (1,50±0,02 g e 165,70±22,50 g) foram transferidos para aquários contendo água com o EM de C. buxifolia ou frações obtidas a partir do EM (n-hexano, acetato de diclorometano, etil n-butano e aquoso, em concentrações na faixa de 0 -300 μL L

Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

“…Net ion fluxes provided a good correlation with the stress of transport for silver catfish (Becker et al, 2012(Becker et al, , 2013Parodi et al, 2014;Zeppenfeld et al, 2014;Garcia et al, 2015). Sedation with eugenol and the EOs of L. alba and A. triphylla also reduced ammonia excretion and ion loss in silver catfish (Becker et al, 2012(Becker et al, , 2016Parodi et al, 2014;Zeppenfeld et al, 2014), methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia and the EOs of Cunila galioides and Origanum majorana decreased ion loss in silver catfish (Becker et al, 2013;Cunha et al, 2017).…”

The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and in euthanasia procedure for small-sized tropical fishes

“…In addition, this anesthetic is used in artificial reproduction and chirurgic processes, as well as with live fish transportation (Javahery et al, 2012;Inoue et al, 2005) because it mitigates fish stress levels. It also reduces potential negative effects on fish homeostasis, so decreasing mortality rates (Inoue et al, 2005;Becker et al, 2012Becker et al, , 2013.…”

Coded wire tagging of juvenile curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes): mortality, tag retention, and growth

“…We excluded untagged fish from the experiment; (iv) Higher intensity handling with anesthesia: We repeated the procedure of treatment (iii) for 50 fish except that we anesthetized fish with clove oil diluted in water at 0.1 mL/L before CWT tagging. We used clove oil because of its anesthetic qualities, it is easy to find, has safety margin for fish and no harmful effects for humans, and it is not unpleasant to handle (Roubach et al, 2005;Ross & Ross, 2008;Cunha et al, 2010;Becker et al, 2013). Eugenol, the active ingredient of the clove oil, represents 70-90% of its weight (Becker et al, 2013).…”