Efficacy of Exogenous Calcium Applications for Reducing Upper Leaf Necrosis in Lilium `Star Gazer'

Chang, Yao-Chien Alex; Grace-Martin, Karen; Miller, William B.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.39.2.272

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…High and Alt B treatments in both 2015 and 2016. Phytotoxicity risk with foliar B is mentioned in the literature for a variety of small fruit crops (Chang et al, 2004;Cheour et al, 1990;Morris et al, 1980;Retamales and Arredondo, 1995); however, no phytotoxicity damage was observed in our study. The only significant difference in leaf B was seen in plants treated with High B and Alt B, with Alt B also having manganese in its formulation (Mn; Table 1).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Arrington

DeVetter

2017

horts

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Fruit set in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) can be low under certain climatic conditions, contributing to reduced yields in northwestern Washington. The mechanisms influencing fruit set are complex, but reduced fruit set may be associated with inadequate nutrient availability during critical stages of flowering, ovule fertilization, and initial fruit development. Calcium (Ca) and boron (B) are of particular interest for reproductive developmental processes and are frequently applied annually by growers in the Pacific Northwest region because of the perception that these nutrients enhance fruit set and corresponding yields. Evaluation of commonly applied products containing these nutrients and their effects on fruit set and yield are of specific importance to justify the application of these nutrients. To address this, commercially available fertilizers containing Ca and B were applied to ‘Draper’ and ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry as foliar sprays, either alone or in combination, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in northwestern Washington. Treatments included calcium chloride (750 and 1500 ppm Ca), calcium sulfate (150 ppm Ca), and tetra borate (125 and 250 ppm B) foliar sprays, repeated six times per season every 7–10 days from early pink bud through petal fall. No significant increases were observed for fruit set, estimated yield, and fruit quality (firmness and berry weight) across the treatments. Increased concentrations of B were observed in leaf tissues in 2015 and 2016, and to a lesser extent fruit tissues. Calcium remained unchanged regardless of treatment and tissue type. Under the conditions of this study, foliar applications of Ca and B did not lead to increased fruit set or yield. This research suggests that other approaches should be explored to increase fruit set and corresponding yields of highbush blueberry grown in northwest Washington.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Arrington

DeVetter

2017

horts

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“…Targeted Ca applications did not impact leaf Ca at time of fruit harvest or fruit Ca concentration in any crop or cultivar (Table 4), nor were any changes in visual appearance or flavor of fruit detected at harvest (data not shown). Although a risk of phytotoxicity is mentioned in the literature, particularly when using CaCl 2 (Chang et al, 2004;Cheour et al, 1990;Morris et al, 1980), we saw no evidence of fruit or leaf damage even at the highest concentration used (0.3% CaCl 2 ) in 'Albion'. Past studies in strawberry and blueberry have also shown that fruit Ca is not necessarily impacted by foliar Ca applications (Chen et al, 1998) even when leaf Ca was impacted (Hanson, 1995;Makus and Morris, 1989;Smith, 2016).…”

Section: Exptcontrasting

confidence: 45%

Foliar Calcium Applications Do Not Improve Quality or Shelf Life of Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, or Blueberry Fruit

Vance¹,

Jones²,

Strik³

2017

horts

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Foliar calcium (Ca) products are applied by many berry growers to enhance fruit quality and shelf life without evidence that these applications increase fruit Ca or impact fruit characteristics when applied at rates recommended on the product label. The objectives of this study were to determine if fruit or leaf Ca increases when several formulations of liquid Ca products are applied to developing fruit, and to assess any resulting changes in fresh market quality of berries. Products were applied in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa L., ‘Hood’ and ‘Albion’), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L., ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Vintage’), blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson, ‘Obsidian’ and ‘Triple Crown’), and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., ‘Spartan’, ‘Liberty’, ‘Draper’, and ‘Legacy’). Calcium formulations tested were Ca chloride (CaCl2), CaCl2 + boron, Ca silicate, Ca chelate, and Ca acetate, which were compared with a water-only control. The rates used for each product were within ranges specified on the label and supplied equal amounts of Ca per ha for each treatment; the Ca concentration varied from 0.05% to 0.3% depending on the cultivar and the volume of water required for good coverage. All products were applied with a backpack sprayer, except in a separate trial where a backpack and electrostatic sprayer were compared in ‘Draper’ and ‘Legacy’. Treatment applications were started at the early green fruit stage and were repeated three or four times, depending on duration of berry development and cultivar. Fruit were harvested into commercial clamshells 4 days to ≈4 weeks after the final application of Ca from an early harvest at commercial ripeness. Data collected included berry weight, rating of fruit appearance and flavor, firmness, skin toughness, total soluble solids (TSS), and weight loss and nesting (collapse of fruit) during storage (evaluated at ≈5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-days postharvest). Fruit and leaves were sampled at harvest to determine Ca concentration. There was no evidence of spotting or off-flavors due to Ca applications. Compared with the control, none of the Ca treatments or method of application changed leaf or fruit Ca concentration, fruit quality, firmness, or shelf life in any crop or cultivar tested.

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“…In the present study, intumescence injury significantly decreased with frequent Ca foliar spraying. This result agrees with that of a previous study which showed that 14 daily applications of calcium chloride foliar spray effectively reduced the risk of upper leaf necrosis in lily bulbs compared to twice a week application (Chang et al, 2004). Therefore, it is suggested that an increase in the frequency of foliar Ca spraying would be beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies have shown that intumescence injuries are less likely to occur in young or fully expanded leaves (Suzuki et al, 2020). Expanding leaves require more Ca for the process of cell wall formation, as they are actively producing and expanding their cells (Chang et al, 2004;Collier and Tibbitts, 1982). Low availability of Ca in leaves resulted in easily ruptured and flexible cell walls (Hepler, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Intumescence Injury in Several Tomato Cultivars Under Different Calcium Conditions

Sita,

Kousaka,

Tamoi

et al. 2023

Hort. J.

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Intumescence injury is a physiological disorder characterized by abnormal outgrowth of epidermal and parenchymal cells on the adaxial and/or abaxial surfaces of leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine cultivar differences in the incidence of intumescence injury, the relation between different calcium (Ca) conditions and intumescence injury, and to investigate countermeasures against intumescence injury in tomatoes. We grew tomato plants under different Ca nutrient conditions and treated them under high relative humidity and low ultra-violet light conditions to investigate intumescence injury incidence. The degree of intumescence injury varied among different tomato cultivars under a normal Ca condition with 4.5 me•L −1 of Ca. Intumescence occurred in cultivars that showed no injury incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a low Ca nutrient solution containing 0.5 or 2.5 me•L −1 of Ca. Intumescence injury incidence decreased in cultivars that showed high incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a high Ca nutrient solution containing 9.5 or 24.5 me•L −1 of Ca. The differences in the incidence of intumescence among cultivars was marked with different Ca nutrient solution concentrations. There was a negative correlation between the degree of intumescence injury and the Ca content in tomato shoots. Foliar spraying with Ca was found to reduce the incidence of intumescence injury. It was suggested that intumescence injury in tomatoes can be mitigated by using cultivars in which intumescence is less likely to occur, increasing the Ca concentration of shoots by providing more Ca nutrients to the plant, and spraying Ca solution directly on the leaves.

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Efficacy of Exogenous Calcium Applications for Reducing Upper Leaf Necrosis in Lilium `Star Gazer'

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Foliar Calcium Applications Do Not Improve Quality or Shelf Life of Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, or Blueberry Fruit

Incidence of Intumescence Injury in Several Tomato Cultivars Under Different Calcium Conditions

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