Efficacy of fermented goat milk on blood pressure in prehypertensive adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Abstract

This randomized, double-blind trial was aimed to investigate the hypotensive efficacy of fermented goat milk (FGM) in prehypertensive volunteers. Fifty prehypertensive subjects were chosen and separated into two groups as experimental (consumed six tablets of FGM; 7.5 g) or placebo (every day) for 8-week with 2 weeks of follow-up. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and various hormones were assessed during the initial (before intervention), 8th week (after intervention), and 10th week (follow-up period). Administration with FGM for 8 weeks showed no substantial changes were noted in any of the anthropometric parameters or lipid profile. Whereas, the BP, angiotensin II (AT-II), and aldosterone levels were significantly (p < .05) reduced after supplementation with FGM. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin I (AT-I) levels were not considerably altered. Intake of FGM significantly lowered the BP in prehypertensive adults could be due to the presence of peptides in FGM.

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of bioactive peptides from fermented bovine colostrum

“…The same study also reported an important variation of ACE inhibitory activity of peptides derived from kefir‐fermented milk of human, bovine, ovine, buffalo or rat species, which was related to changes in the primary structure of caseins. A randomised clinical trial recently reported the decrease of blood pressure in prehypertensive adults treated with fermented goat milk for 8 weeks (Lu et al ).…”

Potential of favorable effects of probiotics fermented milk supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The detailed steps of the selection process are summarized in Publication date of articles ranged from 1996 to 2018. Selected studies were conducted in Iran [20,23,28] Japan, [16,26,34,37,[40][41][42] Finland, [19,22,38] Brazil, [24,32] Denmark, [17,35] Germany, [33] Mexico, [29] Australia, [25] Korea, [15] China, [21] Canada, [39] and Estonia. [36] All of studies used parallel design exception of Hutt study [36] that used cross-over design.…”

“…[15,20,[23][24][25][26]28,32,33,[35][36][37]39,40,42] Three studies were conducted on male [26,40,41] and other studies conducted on both gender. [15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]28,29,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]42] General study characteristic is summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Some of these clinical trials revealed that PFM significantly reduces elevated BP without any adverse effects. [16,[19][20][21][22] In other hands, several clinical trials suggested that PFM supplementation does not possess significant BP-lowering effect. [17,[23][24][25][26] Earlier meta-analysis on the effect of PFM on BP by Dong et al [27] was conducted on fourteen randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials up to 2012.…”

“…Currently, further clinical trials are likely to be accessible and here we present an updated systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis in this area. [20,21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In addition, our systematic search in databases demonstrated that no study has been released evaluating to summarize the effect of PFM on BP. To address this, the present updated systematic review and meta-analysis of human randomized clinical trials were performed to assess whether PFM can impact on BP.…”