Efficacy of footwear disinfection and shoe cover use in an animal research facility

Allen, Kenneth P.; Csida, Tarrant; Leming, Jeaninne T.; Murray, Kathleen; Thulin, Joseph D

doi:10.1038/laban0410-107

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Two studies performed by Allen et al . (, ) as well as Copp et al . () demonstrated that shoe covers may be effective in reducing bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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SummaryShoe soles are possible vectors for infectious diseases. Although studies have been performed to assess the prevalence of infectious pathogens on shoe soles and decontamination techniques, no systematic review has ever occurred. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine the prevalence of infectious agents on shoe bottoms and possible decontamination strategies. Three electronic bibliographic databases were searched using a predefined search strategy evaluating prevalence of infectious pathogens on shoe bottoms and decontamination strategies. Quality assessment was performed independently by two reviews with disagreements resolved by consensus. Thirteen studies were identified that supported the hypothesis that shoe soles are a vector for infectious pathogens. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile and multidrug-resistant Gramnegative species among other pathogens were documented on shoe bottoms in the health care setting, in the community and among food workers. Fifteen studies were identified that investigated decontamination strategies for shoe soles. A number of decontamination strategies have been studied of which none have been shown to be consistently successful at disinfecting shoe soles. In conclusion, a high prevalence of microbiological pathogens was identified from shoe soles studied in the health care, community and animal worker setting. An effective decontamination strategy for shoe soles was not identified. Studies are needed to assess the potential for contaminated shoes to contribute to the transmission of infectious pathogens.

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“…Two studies performed by Allen et al . (, ) as well as Copp et al . () demonstrated that shoe covers may be effective in reducing bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Allen et al . () reported that Virkon (a chemical mixture of oxone, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sulfamic acid and inorganic buffer) was able to significantly decrease the mean bacterial count ( P = 0·0015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…This test has strong linear predictability and has been used in previous studies involving the assessment of organic contamination of cage accessories. 2,3,6,16,42,53 We took samples from a 4 ×4 cm area on each wire bar insert and filter top lid of each cage and evaluated the swab for organic contamination in the form of ATP (expressed as relative light units (RLU)) by using luciferase test swabs (PocketSwab Plus, Charm Sciences, Lawrence, MA) and using the same methodology described in a similar study. 42 Swabs were taken at day 0 (prior to housing animals in each cage to verify no organic contamination) 7 d, 14 d, 30 d, 60 d, and 180 d (filter top lids only) after an initial cage change.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this approach can be considered the gold-standard methodology to use for evaluation of sanitization practices. 2,3,6,16,42,53 Currently, we house mice and rats in static cages that are changed at 1-wk intervals, and individually ventilated cages that are changed at 2-wk intervals. Cages are spot-checked on days not scheduled for a full cage change, and a cage is changed if it meets established cage change criteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing Accumulation of Organic Material on Rodent Cage Accessories

Allen¹,

Csida²,

Thulin

2021

j am assoc lab anim sci

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According to the 8th edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (the Guide), rodent cage accessories,such as filter tops, should be sanitized at least once every 2 wk. We performed a study to test the hypothesis that organic contamination(measured by ATP content, expressed as relative light units (RLU)) of cage accessories (wire bar inserts and filter top lids) does not differ at 2 wk (14 d) as compared with 30, 60, and 90-d time points after cage change even when in constant use. An additional time point for filter top lids of 180 d after cage change was also evaluated. Eight groups were studied: the wire bar inserts and filter top lids used for mice and rats, in both static and individually ventilated cages (IVC). When analyzing data from both mouse and rat static and IVC caging, we found that the mean RLU values for mouse IVC and rat static and IVC cage components were below 100,000 RLU at the 14-d time point. The mean value for the mouse static groupwas slightly above 100,000 RLU at this time point. Based on this observation, we considered 100,000 RLU to be an appropriate actionable level. We concluded that changing wire bar inserts at least every 14 d, as recommended in the Guide for sanitizing these components in mouse and rat static cages, may be considered acceptable. This interval could be extended for mouse and rat IVC cages up to 90 d while remaining below this limit. Filter top lids for mouse static cages should be changed at least every 30 d, but static rat and IVC mouse/rat filter top lids could be changed up to every 180 d, while still staying below this actionable level of contamination.

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“…Використання засобів індивідуального захисту суттєво обмежує ризик поширення хвороб [9]. Для мінімізації забруднення взуття працівників запропоновано застосовувати одноразові бахіли, обладнувати дезкилимки з використанням дезінфектантів [10]. Проте, надягання бахіл може призвести до забруднення рук персоналу при контакті з підошвою взуття [11].…”

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Technological Approaches for Sanitary Processing of Footwear and Clothes of Livestock Workers

Paliy

V.V

et al. 2021

STBIAS

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Effective control of the quality and safety of livestock products is possible only with the implementation of a scientifically grounded complex of veterinary and sanitary and general economic measures. The goal of our work was to develop effective ways to sanitize clothing and footwear of workers in the livestock industry. The studies were carried out following the current methodological approaches that are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Based on the results of the research carried out, two methods and one device have been developed to ensure a high level of veterinary and sanitary measures in animal husbandry. It has been proven that for the sanitization of clothing of workers in the animal husbandry industry, it is effective to use a disinfectant, which includes the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (0.09–0.36%), adipic acid (0.01–0.04%), sodium bicarbonate (0.01–0.04%), sodium carbonate (0.003–0.01%), water (99.887–99.55%) when exposed for 30 minutes. For disinfection of workers' footwear, it is advisable to use disinfectants filled with a disinfectant that contains dichlorantin (0.021–0.21%), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (0.0164–0.164%), a dispersant (0.012–0.12%), anionic surfactants (0.005–0.05%), corrosion inhibitor (0.01–0.1%), filler (0.0356–0.356%) and water (99.9–99.0%). An innovative device for cleaning and disinfection is proposed - a shoe disinfector, which consists of a waterproof box with a bottom wider than the top, filled with a disinfectant solution, a branch pipe for removing waste solution, a brush shaft, which is fixed in the upper part of the waterproof box, an electric motor with a rotational speed 2 rev/s., Which serves as a drive shaft brush, control panel with a start button and a stop button. The proposed developments complement the existing regulations on veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock farms and complexes.

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Efficacy of footwear disinfection and shoe cover use in an animal research facility

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission: a systematic review

Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission: a systematic review

Assessing Accumulation of Organic Material on Rodent Cage Accessories

Technological Approaches for Sanitary Processing of Footwear and Clothes of Livestock Workers

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