Efficacy of fumagillin against proliferative kidney disease and its toxic side effects in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings.

A Review: Gaps in Our Knowledge on Myxozoan Parasites of Fishes

“…Since the mid-1980s, many researchers have reported successful oral treatments with the fungal anti biotic, fumagillin (Molnar et al, 1987;Hedrick et al, 1988;Szekely et al, 1988;Wishkovsky et al, 1990;Yokoyama et al, 1990;El-Matbouli and Hoffmann, 1991 b; Sitja-Bobadilla and Alvarez-Pellitero, 1992; Rhee et al, 1993;Yokoyama et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2001) and its analog TNP-470 (Higgins and Kent, 1998) against many myxozoan diseases (Table 1), except for ceratomyxosis (Izbarra et al, 1990;Whipple et al, 2002). However, the toxicities of these drugs have lim ited their practical application for farmed fish (Wishkovsky et al, 1990).…”

“…However, the toxicities of these drugs have lim ited their practical application for farmed fish (Wishkovsky et al, 1990). Toltrazuril, usually used for avian coccidian diseases, was successfully tested (Schmahl et al, 1989), but few researchers have studied its efficacy.…”

Trials with fumagillin DCH and malachite green to control ceratomyxosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

“…These two treatments were examined because of recent successes in controlling certain myxosporean infections (MOLNAR et al, 1987, HEDRICK et al, 1988, WISHKOVSKY et al, 1990, ALDERMAN and CLIFTON -HADLEY, 1988, CLIFTON-HADLEY and ALDERMAN, 1987.…”

“…Re cent studies by WISHKOVSKY et al (1990) have shown that following oral administration of fumagillin at levels equal to or greater than 0.25 g/kg (fed at 1.5-2.0 % body weight per day) results in selective toxicity to hematopoietic tissues. Concentrations of the drug in these tissues may also adversely affect parasites with a tropism for the kidney (e. g., PKX and S. renicola).…”

“…Toxicity of fumagillin remains a major obstacle to testing higher concentrations of the drug to control C. shasta infections. LAUREN et al (1989) andWISHKOVSKY et al (1990) showed that concentrations as low as 0.25 g/kg of food fed at 1.5 % of body weight daily result in a significant depression of hematocrit, with pathological changes in both spleen and kidney.…”