Efficacy of green tea-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mathur, Ankita; Gopalakrishnan, Dharmarajan; Mehta, Vini; Rizwan, Sadia; Shetiya, Sahana Hegde; Bagwe, Shreya

doi:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_493_17

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, there is a growing demand for anti-inflammatory strategies to complement the range of traditional pharmacological therapies. These are based on natural components such as propolis [25], green tea [26], and aloe vera [27]. The possible anti-inflammatory effect of milk and related products for the oral cavity has not been considered so far, even though there is strong evidence that milk can reduce inflammation of the intestine [1,2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

et al. 2018

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“…Plant extracts can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine digluconate as their polyphenols compounds exhibit antimicrobial effects. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis, out of a total of 9 articles, investigated the efficacy of daily rinsing with a green tea-based herbal mouthwash in terms of plaque index (PI) and/or gingival index (Mathur et al, 2018). They demonstrated that the herbal mouthwash was not significantly different compared to the standard chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an All-Natural Polyherbal Mouthwash in Patients With Periodontitis: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and the incidence of adverse effects of an all-natural polyherbal mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, after 3 months of use. These aims were accomplished by using full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full mouth plaque score (FMPS), probing depth (PD) clinical attachment level (CAL) and a questionnaire recording any adverse events. Methods: The present randomized controlled clinical study considered 40 patients with moderate or severe periodontitis, randomized in two groups: a test group (TG) and a control group (CG). TG was instructed to use a polyherbal mouthwash composed of Propolis resin extract, Plantago lanceolata, Salvia officinalis leaves extract, and 1.75% of essential oils and the CG was given a placebo mouthwash. Both groups were instructed to rinse for 2 min, twice daily after their routine oral home care with the different mouthwashes. Clinical measurements of FMBS, FMPS, PD and CAL were recorded at baseline (T0) and after 3 months (T1). The incidence of adverse outcomes was recorded at every follow-up. Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for the statistical analysis ( p < 0.05). Results: The final study sample consisted of 34 healthy individuals, 17 individuals in each of the two groups. TG and CG showed a statistically significant reduction in FMBS ( p = 0.001 TG; p = 0.002 CG), FMPS ( p = 0.001 TG; p = 0.003 CG), PD ( p = 0.001 TG; p = 0.011 CG) and CAL ( p < 0.001 TG; p = 0.020 CG) values from baseline to 3 months. The TG showed a statistically significant decrease in FMBS and FMPS compared with the CG. No adverse events or side effects were reported or observed in both groups. Conclusion: The use of polyherbal mouthwash in patients with moderate or severe periodontitis has proved safe and effective in reducing bleeding score and plaque accumulation, after 3 months, compared with placebo, although no difference between the two groups were reported on PD and CAL (both improving at T1).

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“…Currently, herbal mouthwash can be used as an alternative to CHX as its compounds exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Mathur et al [6], demonstrated that green tea-based herbal mouthwash was not significantly different compared with standard CHX in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. Charles et al [7], reported that the use of mouthwash supplemented with polyherbal essential oils was as effective as 0.12 % CHX in reducing plaque and gingivitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cajuput and Lemongrass Essential Oils Supplemented in Alcohol-Free Mouthwash: Anti-Inflammation on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells In Vitro

et al. 2023

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Alcohol-free mouthwash containing essential oils is a helpful adjunct to self-performed oral hygiene of patients with periodontal disease due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of cajuput and lemongrass essential oils supplemented in alcohol-free mouthwash on human gingival fibroblast cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages, which were incubated in a complete medium. In the current in vitro study, 3 types of mouthwash, including 12 % (v/v) alcohol-free mouthwash, 0.8 % (v/v) cajuput essential oil and 0.4 % (v/v) lemongrass essential oil supplemented in alcohol-free mouthwash, and 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouthwash, were evaluated. All 3 types were determined for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The sub-IC50 concentration of each mouthwash was calculated to investigate anti-inflammatory activities via the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-activated nitric oxide production, cyclooxygenases-2, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 gene expression. The wound healing rate was determined by scratch assay. The results demonstrated that the sub-IC50 concentrations of essential oils in 0.8 % (v/v) cajuput essential oil and 0.4 % (v/v) lemongrass essential oil supplemented in alcohol-free mouthwash significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and reduced the gene expression of cyclooxygenases-2, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-activated human gingival fibroblast cells, while stimulating the migration of human gingival fibroblast cells, similar to the sub-IC50 concentration of 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouthwash. These findings suggested that essential oils contained in this mouthwash formula exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect and promoted oral wound healing, which might be used as an alternative agent for patients with periodontal disease. HIGHLIGHTS Cajuput and lemongrass essential oils supplemented in alcohol-free mouthwash expressed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and reducing COX-2, IL-6 and IL-1β expression in LPS-activated HGFs, as well as by promoting oral wound healing, similar to chlorhexidine mouthwash, which is a common, well-known agent in dental treatment Our findings suggested that this novel mouthwash may be an alternative agent in preventing oral inflammatory diseases, especially periodontal disease GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Efficacy of green tea-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Green tea-based mouthwashes can be considered an alternative to CHX mouthwashes in sustaining oral hygiene, especially because of the added advantages provided by such herbal preparations.

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

Efficacy of an All-Natural Polyherbal Mouthwash in Patients With Periodontitis: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Investigation of Cajuput and Lemongrass Essential Oils Supplemented in Alcohol-Free Mouthwash: Anti-Inflammation on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells In Vitro

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