This has been a very exciting year for clinical trials in child and adolescent psychiatry. Never before has there seemed to be such a concentrated frenzy of activity, with important findings from several federal and industry-sponsored initiatives coming to the fore. Some of these findings have appeared in peer-reviewed journals. Many others were presented at national meetings but have not yet been published. The long lag time between presentation and publication is well-known. However, it is particularly problematic for fields such as pediatric psychopharmacology, in which there is a high demand for new and effective treatments, and off-label prescribing is the rule for many conditions. Because of the high degree of interest in pharmacologic trials in children, and the potential impact of findings from these trials on clinical care now and in the near future, this review not only focuses on findings published in peer-reviewed articles, but also on findings from studies that were peer-reviewed for presentations at national meetings and published in abstract form this past year.Last year's clinical trials review focused on the principal results of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ie, the MTA Study). In head-to-head comparison, well-crafted medication treatment, given alone or in combination with a comprehensive behavioral therapy program, was superior to intensive behavioral therapy offered alone (but faded over the course of treatment), or communitystandard care (including medication treatment given outside the study). This finding has received considerable attention in the past year, and rightly so. Yet, the interpretations that medication treatments are preferable for all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that combination treatment adds little to well-crafted pharmacotherapy (as has been reported in some periodicals), do not do justice to the richness of the study findings. This year, two special sections in the