Efficacy of Hand and Foot Massage in Anxiety and Pain Management Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Controlled Randomized Study

Abstract

This study was planned and performed to evaluate the effect of foot and hand massage on pain and anxiety management, which is one of the nonpharmacological pain relief methods in patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The present study was designed and conducted in the randomized controlled manner to determine the impacts of foot and hand massage on postoperative pain and anxiety scores of patients who receive laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The universe of the study consisted of the patients who received laparoscopic cholecystectomy between April 2018 and January 2019. The study was completed with 196 patients as 63 patients in the foot massage group, 65 patients in the hand massage group, and 68 patients in the control group. To collect the data, the “Descriptive Characteristics Form,” “Visual Analog Scale,” and “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” were used. The pain intensity of patients in the foot massage group and hand massage group were less than in the control group at 90 and 150 minutes after intervention (P<0.05). A significant reduction was determined in the need for analgesics for the patients in the foot massage group and hand massage group compared with the control group (P<0.05). A significant positive relationship was found between pain intensity and state anxiety levels in patients of the foot massage group and hand massage group. Foot and hand massage are influential in decreasing pain and anxiety levels after surgeries for patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The Efficacy of Foot Massage for Pain Relief of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-analysis Study

“…The flow chart for the selection process and detailed identification was presented in Figure 1. 91 publications were identified through the initial search of databases, and five RCTs were ultimately included in the meta-analysis 14,15,20–22…”

“…91 publications were identified through the initial search of databases, and five RCTs were ultimately included in the metaanalysis. 14,15,[20][21][22] The baseline characteristics of 5 eligible RCTs were summarized in Table 1. The 5 studies were published between 2018 and 2022, and total sample size was 546.…”

Ayak Masajinin Ameli̇yat Sonrasi Ağri Düzeyi̇ne Etki̇si̇

“…Ameliyat sonrası dönemde bütün hastalarda beklenen, farklı düzeylerde deneyimlenebilen ağrı, hastaların bakım sürecinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Günümüzde varolan ilaçlar ve anestezik tekniklere rağmen ameliyat sonrası dönemde ağrı prevelansı halen çok yüksektir (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Ameliyat sonrası ortaya çıkabilecek ağrının önlenmesi veya gerektiği ölçüde giderilmesi hastanın en doğal hakkıdır.…”

“…Erken ayağa kalkmayı engelleyen şiddetli ağrının neden olduğu hareket azalması, tromboemboli riskini yükseltmektedir (2,23) Ayrıca ağrısı olan hastada oluşan kaygı, kas tonüsünü artırmak-tadır. Artan kas tonüsü ile kaslarda oksijen tüketimi oranı da fazlalaşır ve bunun sonucu olarak laktik asit üretimi artar, laktik asit birikimine bağlı kaslarda kramp gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır (9)(10)(11)20,24,25).…”

“…Sonuç olarak;Yapılan çalışmalar, ameliyat sonrası dönemde, nonfarmakolojik ağrı giderme yöntemleri arasında yer alan masajın, en kolay uygulanan türlerinden biri olan ayak masajının, hastaların ağrı duyusunda azalma sağladığını göstermektedir (32,63,55,59). Çalışmalar ayak masajının ameliyat sonrası ağrı düzeyini azalttığını, daha az analjezik kullanımını sağladığını bildirmektedir (56,59,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”